tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9233349248251121412024-03-08T16:11:38.235+05:30Sexual Health, Mens Health, Womens Health, Teens Health, Your Body, Your Mind, Your LifeVinayhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06032246090533047596noreply@blogger.comBlogger82125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-923334924825112141.post-87546366949065575242008-04-24T14:41:00.001+05:302008-12-09T05:56:03.657+05:30Stomach & Intestinal Infections > The 5-Second Rule<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_j0vC4MrYJ5w/SBBQknscGnI/AAAAAAAAAI4/_KRl4Kty1xo/s1600-h/5_second_rule.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_j0vC4MrYJ5w/SBBQknscGnI/AAAAAAAAAI4/_KRl4Kty1xo/s320/5_second_rule.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5192738960419068530" border="0" /></a><br /><p>Almost everyone has dropped food on the floor and still wanted to eat it. Some people apply the "5-second rule" — that random saying about how food won't become contaminated with bacteria if you pick it up off the floor in 5 seconds or less.</p> <p>The 5-second rule has become such a part of our culture that scientists actually tested it. As you can probably guess, they found that the "rule" is mostly myth: Bacteria can attach to food even if you pick it up super fast. So, depending on which types of bacteria happen to climb on board, you could still get sick.</p> <p>Here are two facts to consider whenever you feel tempted by the 5-second rule:</p> <ol class="kh_longline_list"><li><strong>A clean-looking floor isn't necessarily clean.</strong> A shiny linoleum floor is probably cleaner than a 1970s-era carpet. But even clean, dry floors can harbor bacteria. Newly washed floors are only as clean as the tools used to wash them (picture eating food off the mop in the cafeteria if you need a visual). Even with a brand-new mop or sponge, stubborn germs can still remain on the floor after cleaning.</li><li><strong>Fast is better</strong> — <strong>but it may not be fast enough.</strong> Although a piece of food does pick up more bacteria the longer it's on the floor, bacteria can attach to it instantly. So any food that makes contact with the floor can get contaminated if conditions are right. And foods with wet surfaces, like an apple slice, pick up bacteria easily.</li></ol> <h3>When in Doubt, Toss It Out</h3> <p>Some bacteria are not harmful. But others can torture you with miserable stuff like diarrhea. Even if there's no visible dirt on your food, you can still get sick. You just can't tell what kinds of bacteria may be lurking on the floor.</p> <p>So what are you to do with the piece of watermelon that just slipped from your grip? The safest choice is to throw it out. Or let the dog have it. (And there's another thing to consider — even the 5-second rule can't get around the fact that your food may have landed right in a spot where Fido parked his butt.)</p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-923334924825112141.post-41632074125246854992008-04-22T10:13:00.002+05:302008-12-09T05:56:03.748+05:30Endometriosis<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_j0vC4MrYJ5w/SA1tPHscGmI/AAAAAAAAAIw/feGMgoEz4O8/s1600-h/endometriosis.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_j0vC4MrYJ5w/SA1tPHscGmI/AAAAAAAAAIw/feGMgoEz4O8/s320/endometriosis.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5191926051958954594" border="0" /></a><br /><p>Anne had never had problems with her periods the way some of her friends did. But over time her periods started getting so painful that she dreaded their arrival. Every month for a few days she would curl up on the couch with a heating pad and take a pain reliever. The cramps eventually became so bad that she was missing school a couple of days a month, and the pain even started happening between periods.</p> <p>Anne's doctor thought Anne might have endometriosis. So she referred her to a specialist in treating this condition.</p> <h3>What Is Endometriosis?</h3> <p>When a woman has <script id="160" src="http://teenshealth.org/misc/javascript/splat/def_javascript/160.js" type="text/javascript" name="splat"></script><script type="text/javascript">document.write(defendometriosis160)</script><a class="definition" onmouseover="doTooltip(event,msgendometriosis160)" onmouseout="hideTip()">endometriosis</a><noscript>endometriosis</noscript>, tissue that looks and acts like the lining of the uterus starts growing <em>outside</em> the uterus. The most common locations for these growths — called <strong>endometrial implants</strong> — are the outside surface of the uterus, the ovaries, the fallopian tubes, the ligaments that support the uterus, the intestines, the bladder, the internal area between the vagina and rectum, and the lining of the pelvic cavity.</p> <p>Endometriosis affects more than 5 million American women, including teen girls. It's not always diagnosed right away in teens because at first they or their doctors assume that their painful periods are a normal part of menstruating. But continuing, excessive pain that limits activity isn't normal and should always be taken seriously. Because severe endometriosis can make it complicated for a girl to have children in the future, it's a good idea to get medical help for endometriosis and not wait too long.</p> <p>To understand why endometriosis causes problems, it helps to have a basic understanding of how the monthly menstrual cycle works: During the course of each cycle, the lining of a woman's uterus builds up with blood vessels and tissue. This happens because the uterus is getting ready to receive the egg that will be released from one of the ovaries. If the egg isn't fertilized by sperm, the uterus sheds the tissue and blood; this is the menstrual period. This entire process is controlled by the female sex hormones and usually takes about 28 to 30 days.</p> <p>Because the abnormal growths associated with endometriosis are made up of the same kind of tissue and blood vessels found in the uterine lining, any endometrial implants will act just like the endometrium in the uterus. That means they respond in the same way to the hormonal changes of the menstrual cycle.</p> <p>However, in the uterus, if the egg isn't fertilized, the extra tissue and blood leave a girl's body in the form of menstrual fluid. With endometriosis, though, there's nowhere for the accumulating blood and tissue to go once the implants start to break down. For this reason, the implants usually become somewhat larger with each cycle, and the symptoms of endometriosis tend to become more painful over time.</p> <h3>What Causes Endometriosis?</h3> <p>Doctors aren't sure what causes endometriosis. They do know that it is slightly more common in teens and women who have a family member who has been diagnosed with endometriosis.</p> <p>There are several theories about how the endometrial tissue actually gets outside the uterus in the first place. One theory suggests that the menstrual blood flow somehow "backs up" into the fallopian tubes, carrying some tissue from the uterine lining with it. In effect, the tissue gets transplanted and starts growing outside the uterus.</p> <p>Another theory is that endometrial tissue cells travel out of the uterus through blood or lymph vessels, and then start growing in the new locations where they're deposited. Yet another theory suggests that some girls are born with "misplaced" cells that can turn into endometrial implants later in life. Scientists continue to research the condition to help doctors fully understand and treat it.</p> <h3>What Are the Signs and Symptoms?</h3> <p>The most common sign of endometriosis is severe pelvic (lower abdominal) pain. It may occur occasionally or constantly, and it may be associated with a girl's period. Although slight cramps for a couple of days before or during a menstrual period are normal, lasting or intense pain that disrupts a person's day is not. With endometriosis, the pain is usually so bad that it causes a girl to miss school, sports, and social activities.</p> <p>Other possible symptoms include:</p> <ul class="kh_longline_list"><li>pelvic pain that gets worse after sex, or after a pelvic exam</li><li>a very heavy period</li><li>lower back pain</li><li>constipation, diarrhea, or feeling pain or seeing blood when going to the bathroom (endometrial implants can press on some of the organs involved in getting waste out of the body, such as the bladder, intestines, and rectum)</li></ul> <p>If a girl notices these symptoms, it doesn't necessarily mean that she has endometriosis. Lots of other things — like an infection — may cause similar symptoms. But it's important to see a doctor right away if you notice these symptoms. If you haven't been examined by a gynecologist for the first time yet, this is a good time.</p> <h3>How Is It Diagnosed?</h3> <p>Diagnosing endometriosis isn't always easy. Lots of things can cause pelvic pain, so even if a girl's symptoms point to endometriosis, a doctor may want to rule out other possibilities.</p> <p>In addition to doing a <strong>physical examination</strong>, the doctor will ask you about any concerns and symptoms you have, your past health, your family's health, any medications you're taking, any allergies you may have, and other issues. This is called the <strong>medical history</strong>. Depending on your symptoms, a doctor may also ask you to keep a pain diary. This may involve recording the following information every time you experience pain:</p> <ul><li>type of pain (is it sharp? dull? aching? crampy?)</li><li>location (where is it?)</li><li>duration (how long does it last?)</li><li>intensity (on a scale of 1 to 10, how bad is the pain?)</li><li>treatment (did you try anything to make the pain go away? did it help?)</li></ul> <p>The severity of the pain isn't always an indicator of how severe the endometriosis might be. A girl may have many growths and just a little pain or a few growths and a great deal of pain. Every person's situation is a little bit different.</p> <p>The only way to know for certain whether a girl has endometriosis is to perform a minor surgical procedure called <strong>laparoscopy</strong> (pronounced: la-puh-<strong>ras</strong>-kuh-pee). This allows the doctor to know for certain whether a girl has endometrial implants and, if so, how extensive they are.</p> <p>While a girl is under anesthesia, the doctor makes a small cut near her belly button and inserts a thin, lighted tube (known as a laparoscope) that acts as a tiny video camera so that the doctor can view the pelvic organs. During the procedure, the abdomen is filled with a gas to help the doctor see the organs better. The doctor may also do a <strong>biopsy</strong>, which means removing small pieces of the growths for examination under a microscope.</p> <p>Even if a girl's symptoms point to endometriosis, a doctor may not want to perform a laparoscopy right away. He or she may first order scanning tests that can create images of the pelvic region, such as ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This helps to rule out other possible causes of the symptoms. Doctors may also start by telling a girl to take acetaminophen or ibuprofen. Some doctors will prescribe birth control pills, not as a method of contraception but because they have been proven to reduce painful periods, especially those associated with endometriosis.</p> <p>If these approaches don't work, and the doctor thinks a girl has endometriosis, then he or she will probably order the laparoscopy.</p> <h3>What Do Doctors Do?</h3> <p>Endometriosis can't be cured, but its symptoms can usually be controlled.</p> <p>Doctors often prescribe birth control pills because they use hormones to prevent ovulation (the monthly release of an egg from an ovary). If a girl doesn't ovulate, then the endometrial implants won't build up as much, and this can make endometriosis less painful.</p> <p>Other medications used to treat endometriosis work in the same way as birth control pills to modify the hormone-driven buildup and breakdown of endometrial tissue. Doctors typically don't recommend these treatments for teens until well after puberty is completed, though.</p> <p>Surgery is often helpful if medications don't work. A doctor can remove endometrial growths by directing an intense light beam (laser) onto them with the help of a laparoscope. After this treatment, many girls find relief from their symptoms, but some may experience pain again if the growths return over time. Laparoscopic treatment is the typical type of surgical treatment for endometriosis, although in rare cases more extensive surgery may be needed.</p> <p>Doctors often suggest lifestyle changes for teens who have endometriosis, too. A healthy diet, moderate exercise, and relaxation techniques such as yoga and meditation can help.</p> <h3>What's It Like to Have Endometriosis?</h3> <p>Apart from the pain, there are other things that can make living with endometriosis a challenge for some girls. Some girls find it difficult explaining to friends and teachers why they miss school, sports, or other activities, for example. If you feel embarrassed, ask your doctor to write a note you can give to teachers and coaches so you don't have to explain yourself. You can then work with them to be sure you don't miss out on key assignments — or fun.</p> <p>You don't have to go into detail about your condition to friends or classmates unless you want to. If you think someone won't understand, just tell that person you're not feeling well. You have no obligation to provide them with a detailed explanation.</p> <p>These days, more and more doctors recognize and understand endometriosis. Many girls find that medication limits the extent of their endometriosis. It also controls pain so girls with endometriosis can take part in the activities they enjoy.</p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-923334924825112141.post-57502626619953364522008-04-22T02:22:00.002+05:302008-12-09T05:56:03.897+05:30Getting Along With Your Teachers<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_j0vC4MrYJ5w/SAz_KQXjmcI/AAAAAAAAAIo/kpVp0t_kshs/s1600-h/getting-along-teachers.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_j0vC4MrYJ5w/SAz_KQXjmcI/AAAAAAAAAIo/kpVp0t_kshs/s320/getting-along-teachers.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5191805022108883394" border="0" /></a><br /><p>Your algebra teacher wears clothes from 1985 and always mispronounces your name. Your English teacher loves to start classes with pop quizzes. It can be hard to think of these givers of grades as real people. But they eat pizza, watch movies, and enjoy sports on the weekends, just like you. So how can you get along with your teachers?</p> <h3>Why Work on Good Relationships With Teachers?</h3> <p><img class="right" alt="" src="http://teenshealth.org/teen/school_jobs/school/images_52476/1124826676896.T_teachers1.gif" /></p> <p>A good relationship with a teacher today may help you in the future. You will need teachers' written recommendations to apply to a college or for a job after high school. And if you are thinking about going into a career in science, who better to ask about the field than your science teacher?</p> <p>Teachers are often plugged into the community and may be the first to find out about local competitions, activities, or contests. They also may know about grants and scholarships. Sonia's Spanish teacher found out about a contest for exchange program scholarships in Brazil and Spain. Her teacher encouraged and guided her, and Sonia's months and months of work earned her a scholarship as an exchange student.</p> <p>Teachers are often asked to appoint students to student offices, or they may recommend students as volunteers for special community programs. All of these activities can help you get into college or get a good job.</p> <p>Teachers who care are another group of adults in your life who can look out for you, guide you, and provide you with an adult perspective. Many are willing to answer questions, offer advice, and help with personal problems.</p> <h3>How to Develop Good Teacher-Student Relationships</h3> <p>We all have our favorite teachers - those who seem truly interested and treat us as intelligent beings. But what about teachers we don't know as well (or even don't like much)?</p> <p>You can do lots of things to get a good connection going with your teacher. First, do the obvious stuff: show up for class on time, with all assignments completed. Be alert, be respectful, and ask questions.</p> <p>Show an interest in the subject. Obviously, your teachers are really interested in their subjects or they wouldn't have decided to teach them! Showing the teacher that you care - even if you're not a math whiz or fluent in French - sends the message that you are a dedicated student.</p> <p>You can also schedule a private conference during a teacher's free period. Use this time to get extra help, ask questions, inquire about a career in the subject, or talk about your progress in class. You may be surprised to learn that your teacher is a bit more relaxed one-on-one than when lecturing in front of the whole class.</p> <p>It is possible to try too hard, though. Here are some things to avoid when trying to establish a relationship with your teacher:</p> <ul class="kh_longline_list"><li><strong>Not being sincere.</strong> Teachers sense when your only motivation is to get special treatment, a college reference, or a job recommendation.</li><li><strong>Trying to be teacher's pet.</strong> Your behavior will come off as phony and your classmates may start to resent you.</li><li><strong>Giving extravagant gifts.</strong> It's OK to offer a small token of appreciation to teachers if they've been helpful to you. But flashy, expensive items could send the wrong message, and a teacher is usually not allowed to accept anything expensive.</li></ul> <h3>Common Teacher-Student Problems</h3> <p>If you're having problems with a teacher, try to figure out why. Do you dislike the subject? Or do you like the subject but just can't warm up to the teacher?</p> <p>If you don't like the subject being taught, it can affect your relationship with the teacher. Some students say it helps them to think of classes that seem like chores as stepping stones toward a bigger goal, like getting a diploma or going on to college. That allows them to keep the class in perspective. Other students say they try to find the practical value in classes they don't like. You may hate math, but learning how to calculate averages and percentages can help you in everything from sports to leaving a tip.</p> <p>If you find a subject hard, talk to your teacher or a parent about extra tutoring. If you find it boring, talk to your teacher (or another favorite teacher, friend, or parent) about ways to see the subject in a different light. Ian constantly fell asleep in his sophomore history class because the past seemed so removed from reality. But things changed when he mentioned his struggle over a project to his homeroom teacher. The teacher talked to Ian and found out that his great-grandfather had fought in World War II. He suggested Ian use his great-grandfather's letters in his project. Not only did Ian get an A, he also learned a lot about a family member he barely remembered from childhood.</p> <p>What if you just don't like the teacher? When it comes to working with teachers, personality can come into play just as it can in any relationship. People naturally just get along better with some people than with others - it's impossible to like everyone all the time. Learning to work with people you don't connect with easily is a good skill to have in life, no matter what your goals are.</p> <p>If you feel at odds with your teacher, pick your battles carefully. Questioning a grade or asking to retake a test once is fine. But second-guessing a teacher's judgment on your grades all the time may annoy him or her. Constantly squabbling over a few points on every assignment can cause friction in your relationship.</p> <p>Common courtesy and respect are basic requirements of any relationship. Just as teachers need to be fair and treat everyone equally, students have responsibilities too. You don't have to like your teacher or agree with what he or she says, but it is necessary to be polite. If you need to be out of school for medical or other reasons, let your teacher know. And it's your responsibility to make up the work from missed classes. Don't expect your teacher to hunt you down or take class time to fill you in.</p> <p>Too much disciplinary action can show up on a student's permanent record. This means that when someone asks for your high school record, they can see the things you did - even if they happened years ago.</p> <p>Just like personal problems can sometimes slow you down, the same is true for your teachers. Job stress, family issues, or health problems are all factors that can affect a teacher's performance, leaving him or her cranky, irritable, or unable to concentrate.</p> <h3>What to Do if You Don't Get Along</h3> <p>Before you try to get out of a class to escape a teacher you don't like, here are a few things you can try to make a difficult relationship work:</p> <ul class="kh_longline_list"><li>Meet with the teacher and try to communicate what you're feeling. Tell him or her what's on your mind, using statements such as, "It embarrasses me in class when I feel like my intelligence is being put down" or "I can't learn in class when I feel like only a few people ever get called on to participate." See if you can work it out between the two of you.</li><li>Ask yourself, "What can I learn from this teacher?" Even if you don't worship his or her personality or lectures, dig deep until you find a subject in which he or she is very knowledgeable. Focus on that part of the teacher's personality, and use him or her as a tool for learning. Not only will you gain more knowledge in that subject, but a closer relationship with your teacher may help you understand one another better.</li><li>Talk to students who are doing well in the class and ask them for tips, tools, and a plan of action to get along with the teacher better. Sometimes having a second set of notes can be helpful, so asking a classmate who is willing to share them with you is a great idea. If you're too shy to talk to another student, study his or her actions and behavior in the classroom and try to follow that lead.</li><li>If you still can't get along, make an appointment with the school guidance counselor. He or she will offer many tips and suggestions for getting more out of difficult teacher relationships. Sometimes a guidance counselor can act as a mediator between you and the teacher.</li><li>If your relationship problems can't be solved in school, then it's time to tell your parents or guardians. Let them meet with your teacher and try to work it out.</li></ul> <p>Chances are that you won't encounter physical or verbal abuse (like racist or sexist comments) in the classroom. But if a teacher has done or said anything that makes you uncomfortable, immediately report his or her actions to your parents, your guidance counselor, another teacher, the school principal, or an administrator.</p> <p>Teachers are there for more than just homework, and they know about more than just their subject matter. They can help you learn how to function as an adult and a lifelong learner. Undoubtedly, there will be a few teachers along the way who you will always remember - and who might change your life forever.</p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-923334924825112141.post-44728213035945370022008-04-21T19:35:00.001+05:302008-12-09T05:56:03.999+05:30Strength Training<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_j0vC4MrYJ5w/SAygLAXjmaI/AAAAAAAAAIY/erABqMiBBUc/s1600-h/strength_Training.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_j0vC4MrYJ5w/SAygLAXjmaI/AAAAAAAAAIY/erABqMiBBUc/s320/strength_Training.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5191700581389146530" border="0" /></a><br /><p>Strength training is a vital part of a balanced exercise routine that includes aerobic activity and flexibility exercises.</p> <p>Regular aerobic exercise, such as running or using a stationary bike, makes your muscles use oxygen more efficiently and strengthens your heart and lungs. When you strength train with weights, you're using your muscles to work against the extra pounds (this concept is called resistance). This strengthens and increases the amount of muscle mass in your body by making your muscles work harder than they're used to.</p> <p>Most people who work out with weights typically use two different kinds: <strong>free weights</strong> (including barbells, dumbbells, and hand weights) and <strong>weight machines</strong>. Free weights usually work a group of muscles at the same time; weight machines typically are designed to help you isolate and work on a specific muscle.</p> <p>For instance, you can do a <strong>squat</strong> using free weights by placing a barbell across the back of your shoulders and squatting down like a baseball catcher. (Keep your feet flat on the ground and your chest up.) This type of exercise works and tones multiple muscles, including the quadriceps (the front of the thigh), the hamstring (the back of the thigh), and even your butt. When you do a leg extension on a muscle isolation machine, you sit in a chair with your knee bent at 90 degrees and slowly straighten your leg against the padded bar. This particular exercise isolates and works the quadriceps muscle.</p> <p>Most gyms or weight rooms set up their machines in a <strong>circuit</strong>, or group, of exercises that you perform to strengthen different groups of muscles.</p> <p>People can also use resistance bands and even their own body weight (as in pushups) for strength training.</p> <p>Many people tend to lump all types of weightlifting together, but there's a big difference between strength training, powerlifting, and competitive bodybuilding!</p> <p>Strength training uses resistance methods like free weights, weight machines, resistance bands, or a person's own weight to build muscles and strength. Olympic lifting, or powerlifting, which people often think of when they think of weightlifting, concentrates on how much weight a person can lift at one time. Competitive bodybuilding involves evaluating muscle definition and symmetry, as well as size.</p> <p>Powerlifting, competitive weightlifting, and bodybuilding are not recommended for people in their early teens who are still maturing. That's because these types of activity can cause serious injuries to growing bones, muscles, and joints.</p> <h3>Getting Started</h3> <p>If you've started puberty, your body will have begun making the hormones necessary to help build muscle in response to weight training. If you haven't started puberty, though, you'll still be able to get stronger — you just won't see your muscles getting bigger.</p> <p>Before you start strength training, you should be checked out by your doctor to make sure it's safe for you to lift weights.</p> <p>Any time you start a new sport or activity, start out slowly so that your body gets used to the increase in activity. Even if you think you're not exerting yourself very much, if you've never pumped iron before, your muscles may be sore when you wake up the next day. And, because of something called delayed onset muscle soreness, the pain may be at its worst 2 or 3 days after you first exercise.</p> <p>Before you begin any type of strength training routine, get some guidance and expert advice. Your coach or trainer can give you advice on how many times a week you should lift and what kinds of warm-up and cool-down activities you should do before and after lifting to avoid soreness or injury. Many trainers who work at schools, gyms, and in weight rooms are knowledgeable about strength training, but it's best to get advice from someone who is a certified fitness expert and experienced working with teens.</p> <p><img src="http://teenshealth.org/teen/food_fitness/exercise/images_61256/T_strengthTraining.gif" alt="" class="right" /></p> <p>When lifting weights — either free weights or on a machine — make sure that there's always someone nearby to supervise, or <strong>spot</strong>, you. This person, called a spotter, encourages you and also can act as your coach, telling you if you're not doing a particular exercise correctly.</p> <p>Having a spotter nearby is particularly important when using free weights. Even someone in great shape sometimes just can't make that last rep. It's no big deal if you're doing bicep curls; all you'll have to do is drop the weight onto the floor. But if you're in the middle of a bench press — a chest exercise where you're lying on a bench and pushing a loaded barbell away from your chest — it's easy to become trapped under a heavy weight. A spotter can keep you from dropping the barbell onto your chest.</p> <p>Many schools offer weight or circuit training as units in their gym classes. Check to see if you can sign up. Don't be afraid to ask for pointers and tips about how much weight to start with, how to develop a routine, and nutrition advice.</p> <h3>What Are Some Dangers of Strength Training?</h3> <p>You may love the challenge of lifting, especially if you and your friends do it together. You'll definitely see results over a few months in your ability to progressively lift more weight. But there are a few things to look out for.</p> <p>Because your bones, joints, and tendons are still growing and developing, it's easy to overdo it and strain or even permanently damage them. When you're in the middle of a strength-training session and something doesn't feel right to you, you feel pain, or if you hear or feel a "pop" when you're in the middle of a workout, stop what you're doing and have a doctor check it out before you resume training. It's possible you may need to modify your training or even stop lifting weights for a while to allow the injury to heal.</p> <p><img src="http://teenshealth.org/teen/food_fitness/exercise/images_61256/T_benefitsOfStrengthTraining.gif" alt="" class="right" /></p> <p>Another danger surrounding strength training is the use of anabolic steroids or other performance-enhancing drugs and preparations that supposedly help muscles develop. Steroid use is widespread in many sports — including swimming, track and field, and baseball. But because many of their long-term effects on the body are still unknown (and because they are linked to health problems like cancer, heart disease, and sterility), resist the urge to try them. The benefit is definitely not worth the risk!</p> <h3>What Is a Healthy Routine?</h3> <p>If you take a few minutes to watch the guys and girls pump iron at your school, you'll see there are lots of different ways to train with weights. Try a few good basic routines that you can modify as you start to train harder later on.</p> <p>If you're just starting out in the weight room, most fitness experts recommend you begin by training three sessions a week, ranging from 20 minutes to 1 hour (including warm-up and cool-down periods), allowing at least a day off between sessions. It's best to work only two or three muscle groups during each session. For example, you can work your leg muscles one day, your chest, shoulders, and triceps at the next session, and your back and biceps on the last.</p> <p>Before you head for the weight bench, warm up your muscles by spending 5–10 minutes pedaling on a stationary bicycle or by taking a brisk walk around the gym. After finishing your workout, cool down by stretching all the major muscle groups to avoid injuries and keep your muscles flexible.</p> <p><img src="http://teenshealth.org/teen/food_fitness/exercise/images_61256/T_coolDown.gif" alt="" class="right" /></p> <p>You can use many different exercises for each body part, but the basics — like bench presses, lat pull-downs, and squats — are great to start with. Learn proper technique first, without any added weight. Perform three sets of 8–10 repetitions (or reps) of each exercise, starting out with a light weight to warm up and increasing the weight slightly with the second and third sets. (Add more weight only after you can successfully perform 8–15 repetitions in good form.) Perform two to three different exercises for each body part to make sure you work each muscle in the group effectively.</p> <p>Here are some basic rules to follow in strength training:</p> <ol class="kh_longline_list"><li>Start with body weight exercises for a few weeks (such as sit-ups, pushups, and pull-ups) before using weights.</li><li>Work out with weights about three times a week. Avoid weight training on back-to-back days.</li><li>Warm up for 5–10 minutes before each session.</li><li>Spend no more than 40 minutes in the weight room to avoid fatigue or boredom.</li><li>Work more reps; avoid maximum lifts. (A coach or teacher can give you specifics based upon your needs.)</li><li>Ensure you're using proper technique through supervision. Improper technique may result in injuries, particularly in the shoulder and back.</li><li>Cool down for 5–10 minutes after each session, stretching the muscles you worked out.</li></ol> <p>Don't rely on strength training as your only form of exercise. You still need to get your heart and lungs working harder by doing some kind of additional aerobic exercise for a minimum of 20–30 minutes per session. Doctors recommend an hour a day of moderate to vigorous activity — so on days when you're not lifting weights, you may want to get more aerobic activity.</p> <p>Strength training is a great way to improve strength, endurance, and muscle tone. But remember to start slowly, use proper form, avoid heavy weights, and increase workouts gradually to prevent injury. Just a few short sessions a week will really pay off — besides better muscle tone and definition, you may find that you have more energy and focus in both sports and school.</p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-923334924825112141.post-49901787962183101602008-04-21T00:17:00.001+05:302008-12-09T05:56:04.273+05:30What Stresses You Out About School?<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_j0vC4MrYJ5w/SAuP9gXjmZI/AAAAAAAAAIQ/93u6hqI8EIs/s1600-h/T_stress_school1.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_j0vC4MrYJ5w/SAuP9gXjmZI/AAAAAAAAAIQ/93u6hqI8EIs/s320/T_stress_school1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5191401282298157458" border="0" /></a><br /><p>A new school year is exciting. There's that wonderful feeling of having a fresh start, catching up with old friends, and making progress by moving up a grade. But there's no denying that it can be stressful too. It's natural to feel a mix of emotions - such as excitement and nervousness - about what's ahead.</p> <p>Kimberly, 14, says, "I'm happy about going back to school - I'm bored stiff here! But I'm worried about reputation, teasing, failing, and being a nerd."</p> <p>If you find yourself preparing for school by hoping for the best and imagining the worst, you're not alone. That's how most of our readers feel as school starts up again.</p> <h3>What's Worrying You</h3> <p>We asked our readers (ages 14-17) to tell us what worries them most about going back to school. More than 600 people replied. A third of all those who took our survey said they worry most about schoolwork. No surprise there. Getting ready for a new year of schoolwork can definitely be challenging because you'll be learning more advanced things. So worrying about whether you'll do well enough in school is pretty common. If this is your biggest worry, at least it's nice to know you're not alone.</p> <p class="center_this"><img src="http://teenshealth.org/teen/school_jobs/school/images_59075/1125423435925.T_worries-school.gif" alt="" /></p> <p>But not everyone said schoolwork was the thing that worried them most. Just as many readers said they worry most about social issues like fitting in, having friends, being judged, or being teased. And since social life is such a big part of school, it's not a shock that so many students say social issues are their biggest worry.</p> <p>Besides schoolwork and social stuff, another category ranked high on the worry list: appearance. One-fourth of the people who responded to our survey said appearance issues worried them most of all. If this is you, you've got plenty of company, too.</p> <h3>What You Do About It</h3> <p>We also asked you to tell us how you plan to cope with the things that worry you most, and whether you have advice for others who feel the same way. Here are some of the things you said:</p> <h3>Schoolwork Worries</h3> <p>Rachel, 15, told us, "I'm kinda hard on myself, like I feel really bad if I don't have a 4.0 grade average." Lots of people are hard on themselves, but worrying can just add to the pressure.</p> <p>Casey, 15, wrote, "Stressing too much about it doesn't get you anywhere. It's good to be concerned about your work, but you have to act on that."</p> <p>Here are some of the plans you have for coping with schoolwork:</p> <p><img class="right" src="http://teenshealth.org/teen/school_jobs/school/images_59075/1125422835163.T_worries-school-quote-haley.gif" alt="" /></p> <p>Zach, 18, says, "Better time management. I need to stop talking with the social butterflies and get to work!"</p> <p>Michael, 16, plans to "come home, take a quick break, and then get started on my work straight away. Procrastination only brings frustration!"</p> <p>Katie, 17, offers this advice: "To avoid trouble, do homework as soon as possible and at least start projects the day you get them."</p> <h3>Finding the Right Balance - and Support</h3> <p>Fallon, 16, says, "Finding time for everything is going to be a challenge!"</p> <p>Daniel, 14, agrees, and adds, "I play sports so I have to keep my grades up to play." How does he keep the balance? "Work really hard and lean on my parents for lots of support. If you have parents around that actually take an interest in you, take advantage of that and let them be there for you."</p> <p><img class="left" src="http://teenshealth.org/teen/school_jobs/school/images_59075/1125422835163.T_worries-school-quote-ashlee.gif" alt="" /></p> <p>Relying on other people for support and advice is popular when it comes to schoolwork and balancing all the pressures school can bring.</p> <p>Claire, 15, plans to depend on her brother, "who is 18 and has been through it."</p> <p>Mandy, 14, relies on her mother for advice.</p> <p>Dana, 14, advises, "Use the guidance counselor. That's why they are there."</p> <p>Chelsea, 16, who is trying to catch up in school, says her teachers have been a big help: "Since I asked for help I've felt more relaxed and more normal so that now it doesn't bother me as much as it did."</p> <p>Nisha, 15, says, "I'm just going to pick a few things to commit to so I don't overload myself."</p> <p>Balancing school with life's other demands also includes staying healthy. Lots of you told us that your goal this year is to eat well, get plenty of exercise, and lots of sleep so that you'll be primed to succeed.</p> <h3>Social Pressures and Problems</h3> <p>When it comes to the social scene, making new friends is one of the biggest worries people mentioned. Lots of you said that you were worried friends would be in different classes or even at different schools.</p> <p>Some talked about feeling shy and awkward:</p> <p><img class="right" src="http://teenshealth.org/teen/school_jobs/school/images_59075/1125422835163.T_worries-school-quote-annMarie.gif" alt="" /></p> <p>Jenna, 16, shared how "I can be shy sometimes and don't like talking around people."</p> <p>Jessie, 15, says, "I'm going to try to make new friends and talk more. Don't worry about being awkward because others are too. Lots of people are good at being cool, but they are insecure too."</p> <p>Finding a safe, welcoming group is a great foundation for dealing with the ups and downs of school. "It's important to have your own little or big group that you can hang out with," says Jessie.</p> <p>Lolo, 14, explained how "My best friend left last year, and I'm worried about who I'll hang out with." Her strategy is: "Don't hang out with anyone who has a good social image but who is mean. Try to find someone who will really be your friend."</p> <p>Many of you are concerned about drifting apart from friends and breaking away from existing friendships to start new ones.</p> <p>Jen, 16, told us, "I have not talked to my best friends all summer. I don't want to be their friend anymore, but they don't get that."</p> <p>Leanna, 14, says, "I am stressed about the groups and who I am going to sit with because I have different friends in different groups."</p> <p>Tim, 14, worries about "making new friends without ex-friends spreading rumors."</p> <p>Brittany, 15, who worries about dealing with "rude old friends" offers this advice: "Be nice to everyone, you never know who you may need help from in the future."</p> <p>And Amina, 14, says, "There are these really jealous girls and they are always stressing me out." She's found that just being nice to them can make a lot of difference: "They will be amazed at how you treat them and maybe loosen up some."</p> <p>Using kindness to stop meanness in its tracks is one good way to deal. Jessica, 16, has another strategy for coping with rude people: "I just ignore them. It drives them crazy when you don't act or seem like you care about anything they have to say."</p> <p>Some of you worry that the things you did in the past will influence how people see you now. Tina, 15, told us, "My best friend and I were in a car accident last year when we decided to go to a party instead of school. So I am worried that my peers and teachers will think that I am irresponsible because of that incident."</p> <p>Amanda, 14, says her way of dealing with rumors and gossip is "to hold my head up high, smile, and try to create a new reputation for myself. Change the negatives into positives!"</p> <p>Natasha, 17, said she's still dealing with the fallout of turning down a date with a popular guy 3 years ago when she was 14. Here's how she plans to deal: "Move on and enjoy the people in my life who have stuck by me. I think if you are going through a situation like me, don't worry about people who don't like you for dumb reasons. Focus on yourself and trust yourself."</p> <h3>Looking Good</h3> <p>How we feel about the way we look is closely tied to social issues, feeling comfortable, and being accepted.</p> <p>Says Codi, 14, "I am not usually a shy person, but starting high school in a new school is scary. I don't know anyone other than those on my soccer team. I am afraid that once they see me out of my soccer clothes and in my skater cut-up clothes they won't want to talk to me."</p> <p><img class="left" src="http://teenshealth.org/teen/school_jobs/school/images_59075/1125422835163.T_worries-school-quote-shane.gif" alt="" /></p> <p>"At my old school, I was the most popular girl," says Emily, 14. Now, she says, she's worried because, "I'm starting to get acne and developing." Gaining weight and dealing with body changes were big issues for many of you.</p> <p>It's natural to worry about appearance, but lots of you said that you're going to try to keep things in perspective.</p> <p>Casey, 14, explains, "A year from now, will what you worried about really be a big deal? Other stuff is going to happen."</p> <p>Lots of you recommend getting the support of a friend, parent, or counselor when you're feeling down about your appearance.</p> <p>Keisha, 15, advises: "Don't worry about it so much. And when your family and friends say you look great, accept the compliment, because it's true!"</p> <p>Mickie, 14, told us she has no worries about starting school, but she does have this advice for looking good on the first day: "Wear clothes that fit your style. Don't wear something that makes you look like a poser."</p> <p>And Lia, 14, reminds us, "If you're worried about your clothes and how you look, just remember that it's what's on the inside that matters."</p> <p>We couldn't agree more.</p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-923334924825112141.post-8801718668141993072008-04-20T14:18:00.001+05:302008-12-09T05:56:04.368+05:30Help! Is This My Body?<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_j0vC4MrYJ5w/SAsDsgXjmYI/AAAAAAAAAII/QrazGayzHiM/s1600-h/help-is-this-my-body.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_j0vC4MrYJ5w/SAsDsgXjmYI/AAAAAAAAAII/QrazGayzHiM/s320/help-is-this-my-body.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5191247058612492674" border="0" /></a><br /><p>Has this ever happened to you? You're dressing for a date and when you pull on your favorite jeans, you can no longer button them. Or you're running down the football field when you notice that your legs rub together in a way they never did before. Maybe when you look in the mirror it seems like your pores are taking over your face.</p> <p>If you've ever felt out of step with your body, you're not alone.</p> <h3>Growing Up and Out (or Not)</h3> <p>Most of us are prepared to deal with the obvious physical changes of growing up. Girls expect their breasts to grow and guys expect to become more muscular. But the body often goes through <em>other</em> changes before, during, and after puberty — and sometimes these changes can be very different from the ones we expect to happen. For example, both girls and guys may notice themselves growing in unfamiliar places, such as the butt or belly. Or they may grow taller and skinnier.</p> <p>Some people get a temporary layer of fat to prepare the body for a growth spurt. Others fill out permanently. Some people eat healthy foods and work out but still gain weight. Others chow down on everything in sight and still stay skinny.</p> <p>Eventually it all balances out and most people adjust to how their "new" body moves and works. But it can take some getting used to. What happens to people physically during puberty can influence how they feel about their bodies and themselves for a long time to come.</p> <p>Take Nikki, for example. She was an accomplished dancer with her heart set on following her mother's career in ballet. But at 13, Nikki grew several inches taller and developed the kind of figure most girls long for — unless they're dancers. Nikki's friends envied her curves, but Nikki felt heavy and awkward. Now 19, Nikki says it took her longer to get over the false perception of herself as a fat girl than it did to let go of her dreams of being a dancer.</p> <h3>Adjusting to a New Body</h3> <p>We become more aware of looks right around the time our bodies begin changing. This can make physical changes difficult to deal with emotionally.</p> <p>Adjusting to a changing body is about more than just looks, though. Lots of teens base their self-image on how their bodies feel and perform. Until a year ago, Wes, 15, was a lean, fast sprinter who could always be relied on to win the race for his track team. Wes has ADHD, and some days it seemed like running was the only thing he could do well. So when he started developing a stockier, more muscular physique and his sprint times got longer, Wes' confidence took a serious bruising.</p> <p>Changes in our bodies' appearance, performance — even such minor details as the way they smell — are all perfectly normal parts of growing up. So what can you do to help yourself adjust physically and emotionally? Here are some ideas.</p> <p><strong>Beware</strong> — <strong>don't compare!</strong> It's natural to look at our friends for comparison. But it's not a good idea. Comparing ourselves with others is problematic because everyone develops differently and at different times. If you go through a growth spurt early, you may feel too tall. Yet your friend may be thinking that he or she is too small. It's usually hardest for the people who develop first or last.</p> <p>It's also a bad idea to compare ourselves with celebrities and models. In reality, most people don't look like the limited body types shown in the media. (Actually, the models often don't look like that either: Many of those "perfect" bodies got that way through photo editing, not nature.) Ads sell fantasy, not reality.</p> <p><strong>Treat your body well.</strong> Making educated choices about food and exercise is part of developing a mind and life of your own. Healthy eating and exercise can also give you some control over how your body turns out. Plus, exercise is a mood booster. If your changing body has you feeling sad or confused, it may help to go for a walk, play with your dog, or throw a Frisbee with your friends.</p> <p>About three quarters of all teens quit sports around the time their bodies develop. Often it's because the changes in their bodies influence which sports they compete in. Although you can still do any activity if you really are interested in it, some people prefer to switch to another activity. Wes put his strength and running skills to use playing football. And Nikki was able to combine her great figure with her love of dance when she discovered belly dancing in college.</p> <p>Sometimes people quit playing organized sports in high school because schoolwork becomes more demanding, or because they have a more active social life that fills their time. Now is definitely not the time to stop exercising completely, though. Use this time of change to explore how your body feels doing different activities. Taking yoga, martial arts classes, or other activities that involve focusing on how the body stretches and moves can help you become familiar with your body.</p> <p><strong>Befriend your bod.</strong> Feeling like you don't know your body anymore? Just like a friendship that grows and evolves, keeping in touch with our bodies takes time. Like friends, our bodies can let us down at times. But with a little work and understanding, it's possible to bounce back.</p> <p>Just like we know our friends' secrets, we know stuff about our own bodies that other people don't. For example, you may think your stomach sticks out because you spend hours focusing on it in the mirror. But the truth is, other people won't notice it like you do.</p> <p><strong>Walk tall</strong> — <strong>even if you're not!</strong> What people <em>do</em> notice is how you project your feelings about yourself. If you think you're too tall, it will be more noticeable if you slump over and try to look smaller. If you're self-conscious about your pimples, hiding behind your hair may cover the zit on your cheek — but you'll look awkward and uncomfortable.</p> <p>As your body changes, it can help to work on good posture and walk with a sense of confidence. After doing this for a while, you'll probably become more confident too.</p> <p>There's not much you can do about your height or development, but you can focus on the things that you really like about yourself. Maybe it's your curly hair or the dimple you get when you smile. Maybe it's that you are a really thoughtful person or you are good at making people laugh. Ultimately, when you think of the people in your life that you care about the most, what they look like probably has very little to do with how much you like them.</p> <h3>More Curves Ahead</h3> <p>Just as you get used to your new shape, it will probably change again. The later teens and early twenties are (yet again) a time when the body and mind take another step in maturing and changing. For both girls and guys, this means filling out a little more so that they look more like adults and less like teens.</p> <p>This is another time when it's important to summon the powers of exercise and healthy eating: You've probably heard of the "freshman 15," when girls and guys go off to college and most are in charge of feeding themselves for the first time. Many people who are on their own for the first time start by eating anything they want — usually junk food and high-fat snacks. Of course, most of them gain weight because they spend more time sitting and studying and less time being active. If you've already started focusing on what you eat and how you exercise, this will be less likely to happen to you.</p> <p>If our bodies had owners' manuals, they'd tell us to keep them clean, provide them with fuel, and offer them some stimulating activity. But our bodies are human, too, and they do best when they're loved.</p> <p>Learning to accept and appreciate ourselves helps build <strong>resilience</strong>. People who are resilient are better able to deal with problems and bounce back from disappointment than people who are not. Resilient people usually make good decisions and choices. Accept and appreciate your body, no matter what it looks like right now, and — just like a good friend — it can do a lot for you in return!</p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-923334924825112141.post-10496549145346883952008-04-13T15:17:00.001+05:302008-12-09T05:56:04.406+05:30Varicocele<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_j0vC4MrYJ5w/SAHYN4T3g5I/AAAAAAAAAHQ/jNrp1mPcg-c/s1600-h/Tvaricocele.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_j0vC4MrYJ5w/SAHYN4T3g5I/AAAAAAAAAHQ/jNrp1mPcg-c/s320/Tvaricocele.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5188665978673136530" /></a><br />You've heard of varicose veins - those swollen veins that sometimes show up in the legs. You've probably heard your grandma and her old lady friends talking about their varicose veins and never thought twice about them.<br /><br />But hopefully you've never heard your grandma mention a varicocele, which is also a swelling of the veins. A varicocele happens just to guys, and you probably wouldn't want to sit around and talk about it with your pals. That's because it occurs not in the legs but in a place a bit more private and a lot more tender - the scrotum. It's generally harmless and basically the same kind of thing as varicose veins in the legs. But what exactly is a varicocele and how do you get rid of it?<br />What Is a Varicocele?<br /><br />In all guys, there's a structure that contains arteries, veins, nerves, and tubes - called the spermatic cord - that provides a connection and circulates blood to and from the testicles. Veins carry the blood flowing from the body back toward the heart, and a bunch of valves in the veins keep the blood flowing one way and stop it from flowing backward. In other words, the valves regulate your blood flow and make sure everything is flowing in the right direction.<br /><br />But sometimes these valves can fail. When this happens, some of the blood can flow in reverse. This backed-up blood can collect in pools in the veins, which then causes the veins to stretch and get bigger, or become swollen. This is called a varicocele (pronounced: var-uh-ko-seel).<br />Who Gets Them?<br /><br />Although they don't happen to every guy, varicoceles are fairly common. They appear in about 15% of guys between 15 and 25 years old, and they mostly occur during puberty. That's because during puberty, the testicles grow rapidly and need more blood delivered to them. If the valves in the veins in the scrotum aren't functioning quite as well as they should, the veins can't handle transporting this extra blood from the testicles. So, although most of the blood continues to flow correctly, blood begins to back up, creating a varicocele.<br /><br />An interesting fact is that varicoceles occur mostly on the left side of the scrotum. This is because a guy's body is organized so that blood flow on that side of the scrotum is greater, so varicoceles happen more often in the left testicle than the right. Although it's less common, they can sometimes occur on both sides.<br />What Are the Signs and Symptoms?<br /><br />In most cases, guys have no symptoms at all. A guy might not even be aware that he has a varicocele. However, if there are symptoms, they tend to occur during hot weather, after heavy exercise, or when a guy has been standing or sitting for a long time. Signs include:<br /><br /> * a dull ache in the testicle(s)<br /> * a feeling of heaviness or dragging in the scrotum<br /> * dilated veins in the scrotum that can be felt (described as feeling like worms or spaghetti)<br /> * discomfort in the testicle or on that particular side of the scrotum<br /> * the testicle is smaller on the side where the dilated veins are (due to difference in blood flow)<br /><br />What Do Doctors Do?<br /><br />It's a good idea to get a testicular exam regularly, which is normally part of a guy's regular checkup. In addition to visually checking for any unusual lumps or bumps, the doctor generally feels the testicles and the area around them to make sure a guy's equipment is in good shape and there are no problems.<br /><br />A testicular exam may be done while a guy is standing up so that the scrotum is relaxed. (Some abnormalities like a varicocele can be more easily felt in a standing position.) The doctor checks things like the size, weight, and position of the testicles, and gently rolls each testicle back and forth to feel for lumps or swelling. The doctor also feels for any signs of tenderness along the epididymis, the tube that transports sperm from the testicles.<br /><br />The spermatic cord is also examined for any indication of swelling. If the doctor suspects a varicocele, he or she might confirm suspicions by using a stethoscope to hear the blood flowing backward through the faulty veins or might even use an ultrasound, which can identify malfunction of the veins and also measure blood flow.<br />Do Varicoceles Cause Permanent Damage?<br /><br />Although there is no way to prevent a varicocele, it usually needs no special treatment. A varicocele is usually harmless and more than likely won't affect a guy's ability to father a child. Some experts believe, though, that in some cases a varicocele might damage the testicle or decrease sperm production. In those cases, a doctor will probably recommend surgery.<br />What If the Doctor Finds a Varicocele?<br /><br />Varicoceles are generally harmless, but if there is any pain and swelling the doctor may prescribe an anti-inflammatory medication to relieve it. If the varicocele is causing discomfort or aching, wearing snug underwear (like briefs) or a jock strap for support may bring relief. If pain is persistent and support doesn't help, the doctor may recommend a varicocelectomy (a surgical procedure to remove the varicocele).<br /><br />A varicocelectomy is done by a urologist (pronounced: yoo-rah-luh-jist), a doctor who specializes in urinary and genital problems. The procedure is usually done on an outpatient basis (meaning there's no need for an overnight stay in hospital). The patient usually undergoes general or local anesthesia. To fix the problem, the doctor simply ties off the affected vein to redirect the flow of blood into other normal veins.<br /><br />After surgery, the doctor probably will recommend that a guy wears a scrotal support and places an ice pack on the area to bring down any swelling. There may be discomfort in the testicle for a few weeks, but after that, any aches and pains will go away and everything should be back in full working order.Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-923334924825112141.post-70565820620063132432008-04-08T22:35:00.003+05:302008-12-09T05:56:04.510+05:30Roommates<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_j0vC4MrYJ5w/R_umvncDteI/AAAAAAAAAGM/V6S9BjuuwO0/s1600-h/roomates.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_j0vC4MrYJ5w/R_umvncDteI/AAAAAAAAAGM/V6S9BjuuwO0/s320/roomates.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5186922732817987042" /></a><br />Starting college can be a tumultuous experience. You have to deal with new responsibilities and growing independence, a challenging course load — and, of course, the social scene. When a roommate is thrown into the mix, it may feel like you're juggling all that stuff while living in a 6' x 6' box with a virtual stranger.<br /><br />But having a roommate doesn't need to be one more thing to worry about. When students go into their living situations with realistic expectations and a willingness to compromise, things can work out just fine.<br />Great Expectations<br /><br />For many people heading off to college, movies and books are their only reference for the whole roommate experience. So they might think a roommate will be either (a) a complete freak who makes living at the library seem attractive, or (b) a BFF who will be by their side every step of the way as they traverse the world of parties, finals, and crowded laundry rooms.<br /><br />The truth is, roommates tend to fall somewhere in the middle of those two extremes.<br /><br />So try to keep your roommie expectations realistic. And do your research: If your school gives you information about who your roommate (or roommates) will be, try to talk to or meet each other before move-in day. This gives you a chance to paint a picture of what living together will be like.<br /><br />Talk about the practical stuff — like who's bringing what so you don't show up on move-in day with two microwaves and two refrigerators. And try to get a feel for what your roommie's goals and lifestyle are — ask what he or she did in high school and talk about what you both expect from college.<br />Talk Early, Talk Well<br /><br />When you first meet your roommate, chances are you'll be on your best behavior. You want to get along, since this is the person who's going to be sharing your living space for the next year. But try to think ahead to potential worst-case scenarios, too.<br /><br />For example, imagine it's 2 AM and you're working on a paper that's due in 8 hours. Your roommate comes in from a party and wants to continue the party in your room. At times like these, you won't be feeling particularly benevolent. That's why talking about issues that might come up ahead of time — and respecting each other's wishes when the time comes — is so important.<br /><br />Talk about the things that are really important to you, and make sure your roommate understands. Then encourage him or her to do the same. For instance, does it drive you nuts when people take things without asking first? Does perfume trigger your asthma? Let your roommate know these types of things from the start.<br /><br />Here are some things to talk to your roommate about so that each of has a feel for the other's likes, dislikes, and habits. Think about additional questions to ask that are important to you (a sibling or friend who knows you well may be able to help out if you're looking for ideas):<br /><br /> * Are you a morning or night person?<br /> * Can you sleep if music is playing or the lights are on?<br /> * Are you a neat freak or is the floor your laundry basket?<br /> * How do you feel about sharing food, clothes, or school supplies?<br /> * How do you feel about overnight guests of the same sex? Of the opposite sex? How long can they stay?<br /><br />The key is to be honest, and to realize that you'll both have to compromise on some things. Let's say you usually don't go to sleep until 2 AM, but your roommate is counting sheep by 11 PM. Respect that — have a lights-out at midnight rule, and use a focused-beam desk light and headphones if you really have to study or listen to tunes.<br /><br />When you have these conversations about your expectations, write down what you both decide so that it's clear later on if you need something to refer to.<br />The Day-to-Day<br /><br />In the beginning, the urge for many roommates is to stay close. They eat their meals together, attend activity fairs together, and go to the campus parties together. Neither roommate knows that many other people, and so they stick together.<br /><br />But as the semester continues, things may change. After a while, you may feel comfortable enough with each other to show the true you and drop the best-behavior façade you maintained to make yourselves get along. You might start hanging out with fellow classmates, or join a sorority or fraternity. It is perfectly normal for you and your roommate to drift apart as you both learn to stand on your own two feet.<br /><br />Whatever ups and downs your relationship goes through, maintaining respect for each other is vital. Respect is especially important if your relationship with your roommate doesn't have that many ups. Stick to your roommate agreement. Respect your roommate's space and needs, and chances are your roommate will respect yours.<br /><br />But even the most respectful roommates have spats. Anytime you guys can't resolve things on your own, don't hesitate to get your resident advisor involved. RAs aren't there to just bust people for breaking the rules — they'll help out with the small stuff, too.<br />Big Problems in a Little Room<br /><br />Sometimes there are problems above and beyond your roommate eating your last pack of noodles. If your roomie starts getting into trouble and brings it back to the dorm, it can affect you negatively.<br /><br />Here are issues that some college students deal with, and tips on how to get through them.<br /><br />Your roommate breaks dorm rules. If a roommate does drugs or drinks alcohol in the room, you're at risk of getting in trouble, too. You don't have to make your roommate stop — you often can't. But you can encourage him or her not to do it in your room. If your roommate blows you off, it's a good idea to go to your RA.<br /><br />Your roommate has unhealthy habits. Living in such proximity often means getting to know more about each other than you might want. Some people bring bad habits to school; others develop them once they're there. Students who can't handle the extra pressures of college may start smoking, develop eating disorders, injure themselves, abuse drugs, binge drink, or become depressed.<br /><br />Although no one is their roommate's keeper, you do your roomies a favor by getting help if you notice signs that they're hurting themselves. You don't have to be the one to get a roommie to stop or to take him or her to the student health center. But you can tell your RA, who'll take it from there.<br /><br />You and your roommate are too different. Many colleges are pretty diverse places. Your roommate may be very different in terms of religion, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, race, sexual orientation, values, or countless other things. Most people are uneasy at first when faced with new situations and people. It's completely normal to be uncomfortable with your roommate's differences — he or she probably feels the same way.<br /><br />Before you freak out, though, give yourself some time to get used to things. The key is to respect each other's differences, keep an open mind, and try not to let any preconceptions prevent you from seeing your roommate for who he or she is — just another college student, trying to navigate through the world.<br /><br />It's also a great opportunity to get to know someone who is different. After you graduate, when you are on the job, you can't control who you work with. If you allow yourself to learn about and be open to new types of people in college, you'll find it can prepare you for the real world.<br /><br />You simply can't live together anymore. Sometimes, people are just incompatible. Depending on your school, it may be possible to change roommates. Often, you have to meet with an RA and/or a dean before you can move. And then you'll have to relive move-in day all over again in the midst of your classes, activities, and the bustle of daily life.<br /><br />Think about changing roommates as a last resort, and be prepared for it to not work out. There are very few instances where it's easy to get a new roommate; short of your roommate coming at you with scissors, you will probably be encouraged to just talk things through.<br /><br />Life with a roomie can be both a blessing and a curse. You'll have moments when you're glad to have someone to procrastinate with. On other days, you might wish you could lock your roommate in the closet with his or her semester's worth of ripe laundry.<br /><br />The secret to having more blessings than curses is compromise, maturity, and respect. Even when you're going through tough times with a roommate, look at it as a learning experience that will help you deal with challenging coworkers, bosses, and other people later in life.Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-923334924825112141.post-60115116130286599972008-04-04T00:28:00.004+05:302008-12-09T05:56:04.614+05:30Your Secrets to Healthy Snacking<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_j0vC4MrYJ5w/R_U2K3cDtdI/AAAAAAAAAGE/T-lEIHFz990/s1600-h/healthy-snacking.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_j0vC4MrYJ5w/R_U2K3cDtdI/AAAAAAAAAGE/T-lEIHFz990/s320/healthy-snacking.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5185110106295219666" border="0" /></a><br /><p>Everyone knows that some foods are better snacking choices than others. What's not so easy in real life is putting all the stuff we know about healthy snacking into practice. In other words, it's tough to balance those "oops, I know I should only have a little bit of this but I just ate the whole bag" munchies with the healthy foods we know we should be eating.</p> <p>We decided to ask our readers how they make healthy choices and avoid out-of-control snacking. More than 1,000 13- to 18-year-olds took our online snacking survey in October, 2005. They told us how they manage to snack in a healthy way, even when it's hard to do. Here are their tips.</p> <h3>Knowing What to Eat</h3> <p>More than two thirds of the readers who took our survey said that when they choose a snack they <strong>think about how healthy it is</strong> (or isn't). That's impressive. Awareness of what's good for you and thinking about your choices are the first steps in making healthy snacking choices.</p> <p>Plenty of people are doing more than just thinking about healthy snacking choices, though - they're making them, too. More than a third of our survey-takers said the snacks they choose most often are health-conscious ones (such as whole-grain crackers, yogurt, fruits, and veggies).</p> <p>But lots of the people who said they think about what they're choosing still find it's not always possible to eat the healthiest snack. That's understandable. Unfortunately, it can be all too easy to give in to a craving or to eat what's easiest to get your hands on when you're really hungry.</p> <p>Some of our readers said that planning ahead and making sure they have the right stuff on hand can help them make healthy choices when their snacking willpower is low.</p> <p>Sally, 16, says, "Stocking your fridge with healthy foods will help you get to or stay at a healthy weight. Pigging out on healthy foods feels a lot better than pigging out on cake or another food that is supposed to be eaten in moderation."</p> <p>Rosie, 14, offers this advice: "Instead of eating unhealthy foods because it's convenient, plan ahead and prepare tasty, healthy foods."</p> <p>Alena, 16, agrees. "If you have food with you and plan when you will eat, you don't get as hungry and aren't tempted to resort to convenience food from vending machines or fast food."</p> <p>For many of you, managing your munchies may come down to managing your parents: "A lot of parents buy their kids bad food," says Stephanie, 13. "Ask them to get some healthy food you will enjoy just as much."</p><p class="center_this"><script type="text/javascript"src="http://www.kidshealth.org/misc/movie/insertSWF.js" language="javascript"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.kidshealth.org/misc/movie/teen/T_snack_ideas_def.js" language="javascript"></script><object classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" id="healthSnacking" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab" align="middle" height="320" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="375"><param name="MOVIE" value="/misc/movie/teen/T_snack_ideas.swf"><param name="PLAY" value="true"><param name="LOOP" value="false"><param name="QUALITY" value="high"><param name="MENU" value="false"><param name="FlashVars" value=""><embed src="http://www.kidshealth.org/misc/movie/teen/T_snack_ideas.swf" id="healthSnacking" play="true" loop="false" quality="high" menu="false" flashvars="" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" pluginspage="http://www.macromedia.com/shockwave/download/index.cgi?P1_Prod_Version=ShockwaveFlash" align="middle" height="320" hspace="0" vspace="0" width="375"></embed></object></p> <h3>Knowing How to Eat</h3> <p>Some of these successful snackers make it sound easy. But it's not always a piece of cake (ha ha!) to snack well. Most of our survey-takers fessed up and revealed that the types of snacks they like most often are sweet or salty junk foods (such as cookies, ice cream, candy or chips, popcorn, and pretzels).</p> <p>So how do you begin to snack smarter when there's so much temptation out there?</p> <p>Many readers talk about <strong>giving in - but in moderation</strong>. Karni, 14, says, "It's okay to eat unhealthy snacks once in a while, but make sure you balance and eat healthy snacks too."</p> <p>Lots of people agree with Karni that it's important to treat yourself to the fun stuff - as long as you don't overdo it. And they're right. Thinking of foods as "bad" or "off limits" can even lead to eating problems. Everyone deserves to indulge occasionally.</p> <p>Angelica, 16, says, "Eat healthy. But from time to time, give yourself something less healthy that you really like. If you deny yourself everything that doesn't meet a healthy standard, you won't be happy, and one day you're going to come home and pig out."</p> <p>George, 13, offers this idea: "Eat healthy Monday to Friday, then on the weekends you can eat treats."</p> <p>Lindsay, 14, offers a work-for-your-snacks approach. "Only take one at a time, that way you have to walk over to get another one every time."</p> <p>Tia, 13, thinks about how her food choices relate to her fitness and performance. "I don't eat that much junk food because I play sports. Junk food just makes me hungry and gain more weight."</p> <p><img class="right" src="http://www.kidshealth.org/teen/food_fitness/nutrition/images_59861/1135010377056.T_health-snack1.gif" alt="" /></p> <p>When it comes to smart snacking, thinking about <strong>how much</strong> <strong>you're eating</strong> as well as <strong>what</strong> you're eating is wise. More than half of the people in our survey (57%) said they think about the amount they're eating when they snack.</p> <p>Many of you also know that people tend to eat less if they really focus on what they're eating. As Hannah, 13, says, "Slow down! Enjoy the food that you are consuming!"</p> <p>Good advice! So appreciate every bite. Focus on taste, texture, and temperature. Notice how spicy a food is. Or how fruity it tastes. That way you'll really enjoy how smooth (or crunchy), how tangy (or naturally sweet), or how refreshingly cold (or soothingly warm) the food you're eating is. And when you slow down you'll also notice when you start to feel full.</p> <p>Bryan, 14, advises, "Before you eat, ask yourself, 'Am I really hungry?' Don't eat directly out of the bag/box. Pour some of your snack into a bowl (or put it on a plate) and put the bag/box away. Eat the snack out of the bowl instead of out of the bag. This will help limit the amount you eat."</p> <h3>Knowing Why You Eat</h3> <p>Like lots of readers, Bryan recognizes that people eat for reasons other than hunger. Knowing why you're snacking - because you're bored, for example, or because you've skipped a meal and let yourself get way too hungry - can help to rein in overeating.</p> <h3>Is It Hunger - or Something Else?</h3> <p>About half of the people who took our survey told us they usually snack because they're hungry, which is great. But the other half said they snack for emotional reasons, like boredom, stress, or anger (42%), or because they're hanging out with snackaholic friends (4%).</p> <p>Kara, 13, says she eats because "I'm bored and everyone else is eating."</p> <p><img class="left" src="http://www.kidshealth.org/teen/food_fitness/nutrition/images_59861/1135010377056.T_health-snack2.gif" alt="" /></p> <p>Most of you realize that eating for emotional reasons isn't a great idea. "Snacking because of boredom is a good way to add some bad pounds, so be careful what you eat, when you eat, and why you eat it," says Naomi, 13.</p> <p>Krystin, 13, says, "Don't eat out of boredom or stress. I eat because of stress sometimes and I am fat for my age."</p> <p>Claire, 13, says, "The most important thing to do is not just eat out of boredom. If you are bored, go outside and do something!"</p> <p>Getting variety in your diet is one way to avoid overeating. As Isadora, 14, says, "Be creative, it keeps you from being bored."</p> <p>Becky, 15, offers this advice: "Learn to think of food as fuel, not comfort."</p> <h3>Are You <em>Too</em> Hungry?</h3> <p>Just about all of our survey takers said they snack after school - either when they get home (77%) or before their after-school activities like practice, games, or lessons (22%).</p> <p>After-school snacks are a good idea, especially if you had an early lunch or dinner is hours away. If you choose right, snacks can help you focus on your homework - not your grumbling tummy. But if you come home from school so ravenous that you reach for the first thing in sight, that can be a problem.</p> <p>People who skip meals or wait until they're too hungry often eat more than they actually need to satisfy their hunger. And this can lead to weight gain. Healthy snacking between meals can come in handy as a way to manage hunger before it gets totally out of control.</p> <p>Tia says she snacks when she's "not that hungry but hungry enough to eat something little."</p> <p>Austin, 14, says, "Eat smaller meals throughout the day, then you don't binge eat all at once."</p> <p>What's the best way to manage hunger? Having three meals a day and a snack (if needed) at regular set times, such as after school.</p> <h3>Are You Multitasking?</h3> <p>Blair, 14, says that snacking "gives me something to do with homework." Unfortunately, eating at the same time as doing something else is a bad idea. As with any kind of multitasking (doing more than one thing at a time), you're not really focused on your food. And that can lead people to eat way more than they intended.</p> <p><img class="right" src="http://www.kidshealth.org/teen/food_fitness/nutrition/images_59861/1135010377056.T_health-snack3.gif" alt="" /></p> <p>Emily, 16, says, "Do NOT eat in front of the TV. And try to limit your overall TV watching."</p> <p>"Television usually makes kids hungry," says Krystal, 13.</p> <p>What about when you're hanging out with friends? Heather, 14, says, "If I do snack when I'm out with friends, I try to follow the two limit rule, like only taking two bites, or taking only two cookies, so that I'm not eating when I'm not hungry."</p> <h3>Your Choice? An Apple a Day!</h3> <p>So what are our survey takers' healthy faves? When it's time to pick something healthy to snack on, the apple came out a hands-down favorite. Even those who don't see themselves as healthy snackers can deal with apples - like Wesley, 13, who admits, "I don't eat too many healthy snacks (blush!). But when I do select something healthy I usually pick an apple or a yogurt."</p> <p>Marshelle, 13, wrote that her favorite snack is "apples with a little bit of peanut butter on them."</p> <p>This snack turns out to be a favorite for many of you. And people who choose apples with peanut butter get a round of applause from nutrition experts. Not only do these two foods offer some great nutritional benefits, but combining proteins (like peanut butter) with carbohydrates (like fruit) offers more staying power. That's because protein can keep you energized long after the carbs are used up.</p> <p>Shaaziya, 14, chooses "fruit, yogurt, and cereal," which is another great way to balance protein and carbs.</p> <p>Rafael, 13, says, "I usually choose a banana or a green apple. Sometimes I eat an orange. I'm not into vegetables that much."</p> <p><img class="left" src="http://www.kidshealth.org/teen/food_fitness/nutrition/images_59861/1135010377056.T_health-snack4.gif" alt="" /></p> <p>Many of you do like vegetables, though. Cut-up vegetables like carrots, celery, broccoli, and cauliflower were a popular snack when drizzled with low-fat dressing or paired with low-fat dip. Vegetables even satisfy Matthew, 15, who admits that for him, "Eating vegetables is not fun. Sometimes they can be gross. However, selecting a favorite topping and dip really puts flavor into the vegetable and satisfies hunger."</p> <p>Snacking on fruits and vegetables is a great way to make sure you get the five servings a day that you're supposed to.</p> <p>Many of the people who took our survey said they enjoyed smoothies, cereal, granola bars, protein bars, and nuts. These foods can all be healthy choices. But if you're snacking on them, be careful. Foods like cereal, granola bars, or energy bars can be loaded with fat or sugar. Check the label for information to see how much you can realistically eat. And if you're making your own smoothies, choose low-fat milk and hold the sugar - if you add fruit, it'll be naturally sweet.</p> <h3>Enjoy It!</h3> <p>Perhaps these snacking ideas give you some inspiration on new things to try. Go ahead and experiment. You may discover new likes - along with some definite dislikes. Courtney, 13, tried a little extreme experimentation and sent us this advice: "Never eat pickles and milk. Yuck!"</p> <p>Jared, 16, sums it all up nicely. "If you want to stay healthy, just stay smart! Know what to eat and when you should eat - for example, what nutrients you need each day. This is a lifelong process. Start learning."</p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-923334924825112141.post-2015479541930446712008-03-13T00:35:00.001+05:302008-12-09T05:56:04.840+05:30Studying Abroad<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_j0vC4MrYJ5w/R9gqPCbjIfI/AAAAAAAAAE4/tBPHkM1yrOs/s1600-h/studying_abroad.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_j0vC4MrYJ5w/R9gqPCbjIfI/AAAAAAAAAE4/tBPHkM1yrOs/s320/studying_abroad.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5176934209501209074" border="0" /></a><br /><p>Have you always dreamed of traveling to cool places, meeting lots of different people, and maybe picking up a language or two? No matter what country you live in, you can fly over the world's highest waterfalls in Venezuela, learn world trade in Japan, study art in France, or take dancing lessons in Ghana.</p> <p>How? Join a <strong>study abroad program</strong>, where high school and college students live with a host family in a foreign country. Semester, summer, and year-long programs allow you to attend school, take intensive language courses, or perform community service in another country. Read on to learn more about study abroad programs.</p> <h3>Why Study Abroad?</h3> <p>Besides the excitement of travel, one reason to study abroad is that you will experience new customs, holidays, foods, art, music, and politics firsthand.</p> <p>"Obviously, I learned the language and am now fluent, but perhaps more important was how much I learned about cultures, people, and myself. I learned this from the viewpoint of an active member of the community and my [host] family, not from the tourist's point of view," says Andrew, who studied in Poitiers, France.</p> <p>Another reason for studying abroad is that you'll gain self-confidence. Christina studied in Caracas, Venezuela, a city of 10 million people and a huge change from her hometown of 35,000! Christina says she learned how to better stand up for herself and her beliefs and to express herself in another language. What could make you more confident than that?</p> <p>Living away from home can also help you adjust in the transition to college and adulthood. Matthew says he returned from studying in Australia with confidence, social savvy, and a genuine interest in international affairs that really set him apart from his peers. "After having gone abroad in high school, I found the transition to college to be a breeze — moving 560 miles from home didn't seem particularly daunting after having lived thousands of miles away."</p> <p>And speaking of college, improving your language skills might help you get into choice colleges and even land future jobs. Colleges and employers know that studying abroad provides leadership skills in a world that is increasingly globally interconnected.</p> <p>Most of all, it's fun! You're not likely to suffer from sophomore slump or general boredom while you're studying in a different learning environment.</p> <h3>Are You a Good Candidate?</h3> <p>Although many programs have academic requirements, you usually don't have to have the highest grades or marks to be eligible. And most programs do not have language requirements.</p> <p>Who you are is as important as your academic record. Study abroad programs look for students who are independent, self-assured, enjoy new experiences and different types of people, and can handle challenges. When you study in a foreign country, you'll be faced with new circumstances, environments, and predicaments.</p> <p>Ask yourself:</p> <ul class="kh_longline_list"><li>Am I willing to try new things — everything from foods to social situations?</li><li>Am I comfortable making my own decisions, such as what time to leave for school, which courses to take, and how to deal with conflict and change, without family or friends around to help?</li><li>Do I like to take risks?</li><li>How have I handled complex and new situations in the past?</li><li>Will I be able to fulfill my academic requirements for my school at home and for any future plans? Make sure you won't miss a test or other requirement.</li><li>Will my school at home accept credits from the programs I am considering?</li></ul> <p>If you really hate change and don't like the idea of figuring things out all on your own, then studying abroad may not be for you. It's important to really think about your comfort zone and to be honest with yourself — you could end up miserable far away from home if you aren't! Of course, if you want to change those things about yourself and don't mind tackling them head-on, then studying abroad may be an ideal way to take the plunge.</p> <p>Don't let a little anxiety stop you from considering the possibility of a summer, semester, or year abroad, though. Matthew says he will never forget sitting in the airport about to board a plane bound for Melbourne. "I felt overwhelmed, terrified, and thrilled at the same time," he says. "In the end, though, the rewards of living overseas far outweigh the initial uncertainties."</p> <h3>Applying to a Program</h3> <p>Specific application procedures vary from program to program. In most cases, program personnel design applications and interviews to find out if you're a good fit for the program and a host family, if you'll be staying with one. You might need to answer questions on past obstacles you've encountered and what you've learned from these experiences or write an introductory letter to your potential host family.</p> <p>You will need to provide personal and school references, health information, and practices (for example, if you have allergies or are a vegetarian). Your parents also may need to tell the program personnel how they feel about your studying abroad. You'll also have to go through interviews with schools or sponsoring organizations.</p> <h3>Pitching the Idea to Your Parents</h3> <p>Are you convinced that a year abroad is for you, but you're worried that your parents will never go for it? Use some of the points of view that sold you on the idea to help them understand why you want to study overseas. Point out that studying abroad is a chance of a lifetime and that it offers great academic opportunities — including learning a second language.</p> <p>You might also sell them on the idea that students in study abroad programs gain experiences by being in a new culture, broaden their horizons, and increase their maturity and self-confidence levels. Study abroad students have an educational edge when entering college or starting careers — where language skills, cross-cultural experiences, and global outlooks are becoming essential.</p> <p>If your parents are worried that you'll miss a year of school, won't get credit later, or will be stuck in a foreign country without help or supervision, look into the details of what arrangements the program has regarding these situations. Many study abroad programs are well established — the American Field Service (AFS) student exchange program has been been around for more than 50 years.</p> <p>Study abroad students are well supervised. Programs usually have offices in host countries, many with 24-hour hotlines. Host families are chosen carefully to meet specific students' needs.</p> <h3>Finding a Program</h3> <p>Hundreds of programs are available through organizations like AFS, Youth for Understanding (YFU), American Institute for Foreign Study (AIFS), and the Rotary Club. These organizations and lots more are online — so try a Web search. You can call or write for catalogs.</p> <p>Other sources of information are school counselors, religious organizations, teachers, librarians, family, and friends. Ask them for recommendations.</p> <p>But check out programs early — applications can be due 4 to 9 months in advance. Age requirements vary, although students are usually in the 15- to 22-year age range. Program costs can vary, too. But don't let cost scare you away. Many programs have substantial scholarships available, but make sure you apply early. Some programs help students raise money from schools and local organizations.</p> <h3>Staying Healthy Abroad</h3> <p>Depending on where you are going there are a number of suggested immunizations. You and your doctor or a travel medicine specialist should decide which vaccinations are appropriate for you. Make sure to get this information early (several weeks or even months before traveling, if possible) to give yourself enough time to get the vaccines you need.</p> <p>Travel health insurance is also available in case you become ill or get hurt while you are away. Most plans include a 24-hour hotline for assistance with doctors, dentists, and other health concerns.</p> <p>Drink bottled water and avoid raw foods. You may want to pack products like antiseptic ointment, over-the-counter pain medication, contact lens solution, and adhesive bandages. Don't forget prescription drugs or items like inhalers if you have asthma. And it's a good idea to see your dentist before departure.</p> <p>In addition to preparing physically, don't neglect your emotional health. Consider journal writing to help process your experience. And prepare for culture shock when you return — you've grown and so have friends and family. You'll also miss your host family and friends.</p> <p>Prepare yourself for these feelings by getting support from family, friends, a counselor, or another student who has spent time abroad.</p> <h3>Returning the Favor</h3> <p>If you've studied abroad and want to be a host yourself, or if you've decided you don't want to travel but would like the chance to learn about another culture, your family may be a candidate to host a student. Families fill out applications and interview with organization representatives, reviewing profiles (or videos) of students who might be a good fit.</p> <p>Whether you host a student or study abroad yourself, you're sure to see the world in a new way.</p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-923334924825112141.post-28096106513803414602008-03-11T15:38:00.004+05:302008-12-09T05:56:04.987+05:30Understanding Dyslexia<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_j0vC4MrYJ5w/R9ZaNybjIdI/AAAAAAAAAEk/79NPZejFRbs/s1600-h/dyslexia.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_j0vC4MrYJ5w/R9ZaNybjIdI/AAAAAAAAAEk/79NPZejFRbs/s320/dyslexia.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5176424014631084498" border="0" /></a><br /><p>Sarah hates reading aloud in class. She's never been a good reader, and even when she recognizes the words on the page, she seems to have trouble saying them correctly. School's never been her favorite place anyway because her teachers always complain about her writing and her spelling. She often gets discouraged, thinking that she's not as smart as other students.</p> <p>Fortunately, Sarah has discovered she has talents that others don't. She's great at dreaming up costume and scenery ideas in drama club, and she's one of the best artists in her school. Sometimes she wonders how she can do so well in some areas of her life and so poorly in others.</p> <p>What Sarah, her parents, and her teachers don't realize is that Sarah has dyslexia.</p> <h3>What Is Dyslexia?</h3> <p><img src="http://teenshealth.org/teen/school_jobs/school/images_52580/T_dyslexia.gif" class="right" alt="" /></p> <p><strong>Dyslexia</strong> (pronounced: dis-<strong>lek</strong>-see-ah) is a type of <strong>learning disability</strong>. A person with a learning disability has trouble processing words or numbers. There are several kinds of learning disabilities; dyslexia is the term used when people have difficulty learning to read, even though they are smart enough and are motivated to learn. The word dyslexia comes from two Greek words: <strong>dys</strong>, which means abnormal or impaired, and <strong>lexis</strong>, which refers to language or words.</p> <p>Dyslexia is not a disease. It's a condition that you are born with, and it often runs in families. People with dyslexia are not stupid or lazy. Most have average or above-average intelligence, and they work very hard to overcome their learning problems.</p> <h3>What Causes Dyslexia?</h3> <p>Research has shown that dyslexia happens because of the way the brain processes information. Pictures of the brain, taken with modern imaging tools, have shown that when people with dyslexia read, they use different parts of the brain than people without dyslexia. These pictures also show that the brains of people with dyslexia don't work efficiently during reading. So that's why reading seems like such slow, hard work.</p> <p>Most people think that dyslexia causes people to reverse letters and numbers and see words backwards. But reversals occur as a normal part of development, and are not seen only in people with dyslexia. The main problem in dyslexia is trouble recognizing <strong>phonemes</strong> (pronounced: <strong>fo</strong>-neems), which are the basic sounds of speech (the "b" sound in "bat" is a phoneme, for example). Therefore, it's a struggle to make the connection between the sound and the letter symbol for that sound, and to blend sounds into words.</p> <p>This makes it hard to recognize short, familiar words or to sound out longer words. It takes a lot of time for a person with dyslexia to sound out a word. The meaning of the word is often lost, and reading comprehension is poor. It is not surprising that people with dyslexia have trouble spelling. They may also have trouble expressing themselves in writing and even speaking. Dyslexia is a <strong>language processing disorder</strong>, so it can affect all forms of language, either spoken or written.</p> <p>Some people have milder forms of dyslexia, so they may have less trouble in these other areas of spoken and written language. Some people work around their dyslexia, but it takes a lot of effort and extra work. Dyslexia isn't something that goes away on its own or that a person outgrows. Fortunately, with proper help, most people with dyslexia learn to read. They often find different ways to learn and use those strategies all their lives.</p> <h3>What's It Like to Have Dyslexia?</h3> <p>If you have dyslexia, you might have trouble reading even simple words you've seen many times. You probably will read slowly and feel that you have to work extra-hard when reading. You might mix up the letters in a word, for example, reading the word "now" as "won" or "left" as "felt." Words may blend together and spaces are lost. Phrases might appear like this:</p> <p><img src="http://teenshealth.org/teen/school_jobs/school/images_52580/2dyslexia.gif" class="" alt="" /></p> <p>You might have trouble remembering what you've read. You may remember more easily when the same information is read to you or heard on tape. Word problems in math may be especially hard, even if you've mastered the basics of arithmetic. If you're doing a presentation in front of the class, you might have trouble finding the right words or names for various objects. Spelling and writing usually are very hard for people with dyslexia.</p> <h3>How Is Dyslexia Diagnosed?</h3> <p>People with dyslexia frequently find ways to work around their disability, so no one will know they're having trouble. This may save some embarrassment, but getting help could make school and reading easier. Most people are diagnosed as children, but it's not unusual for people to be diagnosed as teens or even adults.</p> <p>A teen's parents or teachers might suspect dyslexia if they notice these problems:</p> <ul><li>poor reading skills, despite having normal intelligence</li><li>poor spelling and writing skills</li><li>difficulty finishing assignments and tests within time limits</li><li>difficulty remembering the right names for things</li><li>difficulty memorizing written lists and phone numbers</li><li>difficulty with directions (telling right from left or up from down) or reading maps</li></ul> <p>If someone has one of these problems it doesn't mean he or she has dyslexia, but someone who shows several of these signs should be tested for the condition.</p> <p>A physical exam should be done to rule out any medical problems, including hearing and vision tests. Then a school psychologist or learning specialist should give several standardized tests to measure language, reading, spelling, and writing abilities. Sometimes a test of thinking ability (IQ test) is given. Some people with dyslexia have trouble in other school skills, like handwriting and math, or they may have trouble paying attention or remembering things. If this is the case, more testing will be done.</p> <h3>Dealing With Dyslexia</h3> <p>Although dealing with dyslexia can be tough, help is available. Under federal law, someone diagnosed with a learning disability like dyslexia is entitled to extra help from the public school system. A child or teen with dyslexia usually needs to work with a specially trained teacher, tutor, or reading specialist to learn how to read and spell better. The best type of help teaches awareness of speech sounds in words and letter-sound correspondences (called <strong>phonics</strong>). The teacher or tutor should use special learning and practice activities for dyslexia.</p> <p>A student with dyslexia may get more time to complete assignments or <a href="http://teenshealth.org/teen/school_jobs/school/test_terror.html">tests</a>, permission to tape class lectures, or copies of lecture notes. Using a computer with spelling checkers can be helpful for written assignments. For older students in challenging classes, services are available that provide any book on tape, even textbooks. Computer software is also available that "reads" printed material aloud. Ask your parent, teacher, or learning disability services coordinator how to get these services if you need them.</p> <p>Treatment with eye exercises or glasses with tinted lenses will not help a person with dyslexia. It's not an eye problem, it's a language processing problem, so teaching language processing skills is the most important part of treatment.</p> <p>Emotional support for people with dyslexia is very important. They often get frustrated because no matter how hard they try, they can't seem to keep up with other students. They often feel that they are stupid or worthless, and may cover up their difficulties by acting up in class or by becoming the class clown. They may try to get other students to do their work for them. They may pretend that they don't care about their grades or that they think school is dumb.</p> <p>Family and friends can help people with dyslexia by understanding that they aren't stupid or lazy, and that they are trying as hard as they can. It's important to recognize and appreciate each person's strengths, whether they're in sports, drama, art, creative problem solving, or something else.</p> <p>People with dyslexia shouldn't feel limited in their academic or career choices. Most colleges make special accommodations for students with dyslexia, offering them trained tutors, learning aids, computer software, reading assignments on tape, and special arrangements for exams. People with dyslexia can become doctors, politicians, corporate executives, actors, artists, teachers, or whatever else they choose.</p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-923334924825112141.post-51700224852471838322008-03-10T12:16:00.003+05:302008-12-09T05:56:05.185+05:30Life After High School<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_j0vC4MrYJ5w/R9TauibjIaI/AAAAAAAAAEI/0eXjWtAmhvw/s1600-h/life_after_high_school.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_j0vC4MrYJ5w/R9TauibjIaI/AAAAAAAAAEI/0eXjWtAmhvw/s320/life_after_high_school.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5176002364806734242" border="0" /></a><br /><p>"So, what are you doing after graduation?" Many juniors and seniors get bored answering that question over and over. Whether your plans include college, heading straight for the workforce, or taking a year off, here are some practical tips to prepare yourself for the journey.</p> <h3>Going to College</h3> <p>Some people know from an early age exactly what they want to be and how they plan to get there. Rachel's dad is a doctor and his love for his chosen career inspired her to follow in his footsteps. Rachel, who is about to start medical school, said she chose her undergraduate program with the idea of medical school in mind.</p> <p>Not all of us are so sure of our plans, though, and that's OK too. Many people start off in a liberal arts program in college and then decide on a major after a year or two. (School counselors say that 75% of students change their majors after they enter college.) School is also not just about careers and getting a high-paying job after graduation — it's a place for learning about yourself and the world.</p> <h3>Selecting a School</h3> <p>If college is in your future, you need to plan. Which schools appeal to you? How are you going to pay for your education?</p> <p>How do you decide on a school when there are thousands to pick from? Start by asking yourself questions about your preferences:</p> <ul class="kh_longline_list"><li>What are my strengths?</li><li>Am I interested in liberal arts or science or business?</li><li>What kind of learning environment is best for me?</li><li>Would I be more comfortable in a small school or would I feel confined?</li><li>Do I want to stay close to home or live far away?</li><li>Would I prefer to be in a city environment or a small college town?</li><li>Should I go to a school where athletics are big or where fraternities or sororities rule?</li><li>Do I like being with people who are mostly like me or do I want to meet a diverse group?</li></ul> <p>Ask friends and older siblings who are in college about their schools and about other schools they're familiar with. Talk to your school counselor or one of your teachers and go to college fairs when they visit your town.</p> <p>Once you've narrowed down your choices, ask the schools to send you literature. Visit their websites. When you've whittled your list down to a manageable number, make arrangements to visit. Try to do this when school is in session so you can get a good idea of what life is really like on campus.</p> <p>And remember: You're not the only one making a decision. Schools are picking from a large pool of applicants. They want to know how well-rounded you are and what makes you stand out from everyone else. They will look at your grade point average, standardized test scores, class rank, personal essay, and your extracurricular activities — so it's important to dedicate time and effort to all these things.</p> <h3>Admissions Options</h3> <p>Most schools offer a range of admissions options. Investigate which of these your favorite schools offer:</p> <ul class="kh_longline_list"><li><strong>Regular</strong> <strong>admissions</strong> means that schools mail their decisions in April.</li><li><strong>Rolling admissions</strong> means that a school processes applications as they come in; you can apply at any time, but it's best to be early because spots fill up.</li><li>The <strong>early-decision</strong> option is for students who are really sure about the school they want to attend, and who want to know earlier than April if they have been admitted. There's a drawback to applying under an early-decision option, though: You are promising that school that you'll attend if you're admitted.</li><li>Some schools offer an <strong>early-action</strong> option, which means that students can be admitted early but don't have to attend.</li></ul> <h3>Money, Money, Money</h3> <p>Don't cross a school off your list just because the tuition is steep. Ask your school counselor about possible community scholarships. Ask the school's financial-aid office about scholarships, grants, work-study programs, and loans. See if your parents' employers offer scholarships. And check out organizations within your community. An amazing number of college funding sources are out there for students with specific career goals in mind. Your high school guidance counselor should be a good resource for finding these.</p> <p>To apply for federal aid in the United States, you have to fill out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) form, although some schools use their own forms. Check with your school counselor to be sure you've covered all the bases when it comes to financial aid.</p> <h3>Getting a Job</h3> <p>Maybe you've decided that college isn't for you — right now, anyway. If you want to join the workforce, opportunities are out there for people who don't have degrees. One path that some grads take is joining the military or a service corps. Some retail or hospitality industry organizations offer training programs to high school grads. Check out the possibilities in computing, bookkeeping and payroll, or sales.</p> <p>Talk to your school counselor or a favorite teacher about the job market in your area. Make sure your parents' friends know you're looking. Scour the classified ads in the newspaper and do some Internet research. Most large companies list their job openings on their websites.</p> <p>Don't overlook trade opportunities. Matt studied industrial engineering in college. Halfway through the first year, he decided school just wasn't working out, although he stayed for the full year. So he transferred into an apprenticeship program to become an electrician. "Sometimes you feel that society says you have to go to college, especially if you're a good student, and I went through that battle in my head," says Matt. "But I knew I had to figure out what was right for me. And now that I have, I don't regret my choice at all."</p> <h3>Taking Time Off</h3> <p>For some people, the prospect of starting college, especially going away to school, is scary. It's probably the first time that you'll be totally responsible for your own schedule. What if you intend to go to college but just don't feel ready to start yet — for whatever reason — and you don't want to take on a full-time job after graduation? You might want to take a year off to pause and regroup. This practice is common in some countries, like the United Kingdom, where it's called a "gap year."</p> <p>Taking time off doesn't mean you should ignore the idea of applying to college. In fact, you may want to consider making your college plans before you become involved in other things, especially if you'll be traveling. Apply to schools and make your choice, then ask for a deferred admission. Rachel took a year off and worked in New York City between college and medical school. She says that she had to be extremely well organized about planning for med school so she didn't miss any of her deadlines. "Not only did I have to apply to schools and make plans to take my MCAT exams, I also had to make all my living arrangements and other plans for my year off!"</p> <p>Even if you decide not to apply to college, it can be a great idea to take a year to do something you may not have an opportunity to do again. Lots of volunteer organizations would welcome your time and energy and would provide you with a wonderful learning experience.</p> <p>If you take a year off you'll learn some great life skills — like living on a tight budget! Plan how you'll pay your way while you're traveling or doing volunteer work. Can you live at home or with friends? Get a part-time job?</p> <h3>Talking to Your Parents</h3> <p>What if your post-graduation plans differ from what your parents have in mind? Talk openly with your parents about your plans — both for the short term (like what you want to do next year) and the long term (what you think you'd like to do in life). If your parents want you to go to college but you don't feel you're ready or that college is right for you, explain why.</p> <p>"My parents were a little concerned that I wouldn't follow through on my plans for medical school if I took a year off," says Rachel. "But I explained how I was worried I'd burn out if I spent all that time in school — I just felt I needed a break to do something different. I think that when they saw all the planning I put into my medical school applications, they were reassured!"</p> <h3>Getting Advice</h3> <p>Even if your parents are cool, they probably don't know everything. For school and career guidance, visit your school counselor and talk with adult friends (for example, godparents or friends of the family). Make an effort to talk to people in the fields that interest you. If you think you want to be an accountant, call some accountants and ask them about their work. Most people are flattered to get calls like this, and they'll usually take the time to talk to a student.</p> <p>Whatever you choose to do now does not have to be what you do forever. You can always go back to school or change a career path — lots of people do.</p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-923334924825112141.post-73277145628020624402008-03-10T00:04:00.003+05:302008-12-09T05:56:05.298+05:30Tampons, Pads, and Other Period Supplies<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_j0vC4MrYJ5w/R9QuFybjIYI/AAAAAAAAADk/w7oWdpNWG_c/s1600-h/pads_tampons.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_j0vC4MrYJ5w/R9QuFybjIYI/AAAAAAAAADk/w7oWdpNWG_c/s320/pads_tampons.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5175812548727087490" border="0" /></a><br /><p>Once you get your period, you'll need to use something to soak up the menstrual blood. There are lots of choices out there, and it may take some experimenting before you find the product that works best for you.</p> <p>Here's an overview of what's available.</p> <h3>Pads</h3> <p>Super, slender, overnight, with or without wings, deodorant, maxi, mini . . . pads may seem a bit confusing at first because there are so many different kinds. But the good news is that with all these choices, there's bound to be one that works for you.</p> <p>Pads are rectangles of absorbent material that attach to the insides of a girl's underwear. They're sometimes also called sanitary pads or sanitary napkins. Some pads have extra material on the sides (called "wings") that fold over the edges of your underwear to better hold the pad in place and prevent leakage.</p> <p>Some girls have periods with heavier bleeding, and others have lighter periods with less bleeding. Pads come in several different thicknesses and absorbencies for heavier or lighter menstrual periods or for day or nighttime use. That way, girls who have a lighter flow don't need to feel like they're wearing a pad that's bigger than they need — and girls with a heavy flow don't need to worry that they'll leak through their pad.</p> <p>Some pads come with a deodorant or deodorizing substance in them, although these can cause irritation in the genital area for some girls.</p> <p>Most pads that you buy in stores have a sticky strip along the bottom. You peel off the strip that covers the adhesive, press the pad into the crotch of your underwear (wrapping the wings around and sticking them under the crotch if the pad you're using has wings). This type of pad is disposable. Once you've removed the pad, wrap it in toilet paper and put it in the trash can (or if you're at school or out somewhere, in the special disposal box that's found in most stalls). Don't try to flush a pad down the toilet — even the lightest kind of pad may back up the toilet and make a huge (embarrassing!) mess.</p> <p><img title="T_tampons pads period kitty" src="http://teenshealth.org/image/ial/images/57/57_image.gif" class="right" alt="T_tampons pads period kitty" name="57-T_TAMPONS_PADS_PERIOD_KITTY.GIF" /></p> <p>It's also possible to buy reusable pads that can be washed after each wearing — these are usually available in natural health stores or online. These kinds of pads clip onto a girl's underwear (or have a special holder that clips on). Some women choose to use these pads because they think they are better for the environment or because they save money. It's all a matter of personal preference.</p> <p>No matter what kind of pad you choose, it's best to change pads every 3 or 4 hours, even when your flow isn't very heavy. Regular changing prevents buildup of bacteria and eliminates odor. Naturally, if your period is heavy, you should change pads more often because they may get saturated more quickly.</p> <h3>Tampons</h3> <p>Unlike a pad, which catches menstrual blood after it leaves the body, a tampon absorbs blood from inside the vagina. A tampon is also made of absorbent material, but it's compressed into a tiny tubular shape. Like pads, tampons come in different sizes and absorbencies for heavier and lighter periods (words like "super" or "ultra" on the packaging usually mean that a tampon is designed for girls whose flow is heavier).</p> <p>Tampons can also come with or without deodorant. Again, using these is a matter of personal preference. There's no real need for deodorant in a tampon, since regular changing usually gets rid of any odor. And girls should be aware that, for some people, the deodorant in tampons can irritate the vagina.</p> <p>It's easy to use a tampon, but you do need to learn how. After washing your hands, follow the directions that come with the tampons carefully and be sure to relax. Some tampons come with an applicator — a plastic or cardboard tube that guides the tampon into the vagina. Other tampons are inserted with the fingers. Some girls find that using an applicator-style tampon (especially one with a rounded top) and a slender-sized tampon makes it easier at first. It also helps to first try a tampon on a heavier flow day, so that the tampon slips in easier.</p> <p>Many girls worry about whether a tampon can get lost inside them. Luckily that can't happen because the opening of the cervix (located at the top of the vagina) is just too tiny for a tampon to get through. Tampons usually have a string attached to one end that stays outside a girl's body and can be used to remove the tampon at any time.</p> <p><img title="tampons pads period virginity" src="http://teenshealth.org/image/ial/images/58/58_image.gif" class="right" alt="tampons pads period virginity" name="58-T_TAMPONS_PADS_PERIOD_VIRGINIT" /></p> <p>A tampon needs to be changed every 4 to 6 hours or when it's saturated with blood. Because you can't see a tampon as you can with a pad, you'll need to remember when it's time to change or you may get spotting or leakage on your underwear or clothing. Pull gently on the string that is attached to the end of the tampon until the tampon comes out, wrap it in toilet paper, and throw it in the trash. Don't flush a tampon down the toilet — even when the box says a tampon is flushable, some tampons can still cause problems in some plumbing systems.</p> <p>If it's time to change your tampon and you can't find the string, don't worry! A tampon can't get lost inside you. You'll need to reach in with your fingers to find the string. It may take a minute to do because the string might be a bit hard to grab.</p> <h3>Menstrual Cups</h3> <p>Like a tampon, a menstrual cup is inserted into the vagina. Instead of absorbing menstrual blood, though, the cup catches the blood before it flows out of the vagina. Menstrual cups are made of flexible materials, like rubber or silicone. As with tampons, you can't see when the cup is full, so it will need to be emptied (or, in the case of disposable cups, thrown away) several times a day. Instructions that come with the cup explain how to do this.</p> <p>Menstrual cups are not as commonly used as tampons, so they may be harder to find. Although some menstrual cups look like a diaphragm, they are not a method of contraception and will not offer any protection against pregnancy or STDs.</p> <h3>Avoiding Problems</h3> <p>One thing to remember about tampons: It's very important that you change them every few hours and that you wear the absorbency type that is right for you. Never put a tampon in and leave it in all day or all night, thinking that you won't need to change it because your period is so light. Doing this puts girls at risk for a rare but very dangerous — and sometimes life-threatening — disease called toxic shock syndrome (TSS).</p> <p>TSS results from a bacterial infection that may occur when using super-absorbent tampons, especially if they are left in longer than is recommended.</p> <p>Symptoms of TSS include high fever, vomiting or diarrhea, severe muscle aches, a feeling of extreme weakness or dizziness, and a rash that looks like a sunburn. If you ever have these symptoms while wearing a tampon, remove it and tell a parent, school nurse, or other adult immediately. Have someone take you to the nearest emergency department as soon as possible. The body can go into shock with TSS if someone waits too long to seek medical treatment.</p> <p>Remember, though, that TSS is very rare and most women never become ill from using tampons, especially if they follow the guidelines for changing them regularly.</p> <h3>Tampon or Pad?</h3> <p>When deciding what type of protection to use, it's really up to you. Some girls like tampons because they're easy to store in a purse or pocket. Tampons and cups are also helpful for girls who participate in sports like swimming, since you can't wear a pad in the water.</p> <p>Some girls prefer pads because they're easy to use and it's easier to remember when to change them since you can see them getting soaked with blood.</p> <p>Many girls switch back and forth: Sometimes they use tampons and sometimes they use pads, depending on the situation, where they're going to be, and their menstrual flow. Some girls use pads at night and tampons during the day. And some girls with heavy periods use tampons together with pads or pantiliners for added protection against leakage.</p> <p>If you have any concerns or questions about your period, talk to your doctor.</p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-923334924825112141.post-56741532114485556402008-03-07T01:06:00.002+05:302008-12-09T05:56:05.471+05:30Polycystic Ovary Syndrome<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_j0vC4MrYJ5w/R9BH4A8_ztI/AAAAAAAAADE/ZNdfvc_Fv-g/s1600-h/polycystic.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_j0vC4MrYJ5w/R9BH4A8_ztI/AAAAAAAAADE/ZNdfvc_Fv-g/s320/polycystic.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5174714999502786258" border="0" /></a><br /><p>Cecily never really worried that her periods weren't regular because, like many girls, she assumed her monthly cycle would take time to settle down. But then Cecily's periods stopped for several months, so she went to see her doctor.</p> <p>The doctor noticed that Cecily's acne had worsened and that she had gained a lot of weight since her last appointment. She said she wanted to check Cecily for a condition called <strong>polycystic</strong> <strong>ovary sydrome (PCOS)</strong>.</p> <h3>What Is Polycystic Ovary Syndrome?</h3> <p>Polycystic (pronounced: pah-lee-<strong>sis</strong>-tik) ovary syndrome is a common health problem that affects teenage girls and young women. Although no one really knows what causes PCOS, it seems to be related to an imbalance in a girl's hormones.</p> <p>Both girls and guys produce sex hormones, but in different amounts. In girls, the ovaries produce the hormones <strong>estrogen</strong> and <strong>progesterone</strong>, and also <strong>androgens</strong>. These hormones regulate a girl's menstrual cycle and <script id="153" src="http://teenshealth.org/misc/javascript/splat/def_javascript/153.js" type="text/javascript" name="splat"></script><script type="text/javascript">document.write(defovulation153)</script><a class="definition" onmouseover="doTooltip(event,msgovulation153)" onmouseout="hideTip()">ovulation</a><noscript>ovulation</noscript>. Even though androgens are sometimes referred to as "male hormones," every female produces them.</p> <p>In girls with PCOS, the ovaries produce higher than normal amounts of androgens, and this can interfere with egg development and release. Some of the eggs develop into <strong>cysts</strong>, which are little sacs filled with liquid. Instead of being released during ovulation, as an egg is during a normal menstrual cycle, the cysts build up in the ovaries and may become enlarged. Because girls with PCOS are not ovulating or releasing an egg each month, it's common for them to have irregular or missed periods.</p> <p>Although PCOS (which used to be called Stein-Leventhal syndrome) was first recognized in the 1930s, doctors can't say for sure what causes it. Research has suggested that PCOS may be related to increased insulin production in the body. Women with PCOS may produce too much insulin, which signals their ovaries to release extra male hormones. PCOS seems to run in families, too, so if someone on your mom's or dad's side of the family has it, you might be more likely to develop it.</p> <p>If PCOS is not treated properly, it can put a girl at risk for lots of problems. Girls with PCOS are more likely to have infertility, excessive hair growth, acne, obesity, diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, abnormal bleeding from the uterus, and cancer.</p> <p>The good news is that, although there's no cure for PCOS, it can be treated. The most important step is diagnosing the condition, because getting treatment for PCOS reduces a girl's chances of having serious side effects.</p> <h3>What Are the Signs and Symptoms?</h3> <p>A key sign of PCOS is irregular or missed periods because the effects of the condition on the ovaries can make a girl stop ovulating. However, because it can take up to 2 years after her first period for a girl's menstrual cycle to become regular, missed periods may not be a reliable sign of PCOS in teen girls. Imbalanced hormone levels can cause changes in a girl's entire body, not just her ovaries.</p> <p>So doctors also look for these other signs that might indicate PCOS:</p> <ul><li>very heavy periods or periods that come more than once a month<br /></li><li>weight gain, obesity, or difficulty maintaining a normal weight, especially when the extra weight is concentrated around the waist<br /></li><li>a condition called <strong>hirsutism</strong> (pronounced: <strong>her</strong>-suh-tiz-um), where a girl grows extra hair on her face, chest, abdomen, nipple area, or back (a little of this is normal for most girls, though)<br /></li><li>thinning hair on the head (doctors call this alopecia)<br /></li><li>acne and clogged pores<br /></li><li>darkened, thickened skin around the neck, armpits, or breasts (this is called <strong>acanthosis nigricans</strong>)<br /></li><li>high blood pressure, high cholesterol, or diabetes mellitus (high levels of sugar in your blood)</li></ul> <p>Girls who show certain signs of puberty early — such as girls who develop underarm or pubic hair before the age of 8 — may be at greater risk of having PCOS later on.</p> <h3>How Is Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Diagnosed?</h3> <p>If you've taken your concerns about your body to your doctor, you're on the right track. Your doctor may refer you to a <script id="224" src="http://teenshealth.org/misc/javascript/splat/def_javascript/224.js" type="text/javascript" name="splat"></script><script type="text/javascript">document.write(defgynecologist224)</script><a class="definition" onmouseover="doTooltip(event,msggynecologist224)" onmouseout="hideTip()">gynecologist</a><noscript>gynecologist</noscript> or an <script id="137" src="http://teenshealth.org/misc/javascript/splat/def_javascript/137.js" type="text/javascript" name="splat"></script><script type="text/javascript">document.write(defendocrinologist137)</script><a class="definition" onmouseover="doTooltip(event,msgendocrinologist137)" onmouseout="hideTip()">endocrinologist</a><noscript>endocrinologist</noscript> for a diagnosis.</p> <p>The gynecologist or endocrinologist will ask you about any concerns and symptoms you have, your past health, your family's health, any medications you're taking, any allergies you may have, and other issues. He or she will also ask you lots of questions specifically about your period and its regularity. This is called the <strong>medical history</strong>.</p> <p>In addition to your medical history, your doctor will do a <strong>physical examination</strong>, which includes checking your weight, and checking especially for physical signs such as acne, hair growth, and darkened skin. If you are sexually active, the doctor may perform a <strong>gynecologic examination</strong> to rule out other possible causes of your symptoms, but this is not always necessary for diagnosis.</p> <p>A doctor may also perform blood tests to diagnose PCOS or other conditions, such as thyroid or other ovarian or gland problems. Blood tests allow doctors to measure androgen, insulin, and other hormone levels. The results of these tests can help doctors to determine the type of treatment a girl will receive. Your doctor may also order another test, called an ultrasound, to look at your ovaries and to determine if you have cysts or other abnormalities of the ovaries. Because cysts are not always visible, this test is not always used.</p> <p>Early diagnosis and treatment for PCOS are important because the condition can put girls at risk for long-term problems. Getting treated for PCOS is a good idea if you want to have a baby someday — PCOS often causes infertility if it's not treated. But when PCOS is treated properly, many women with the condition have healthy babies.</p> <p>Also, many girls with PCOS can get pregnant. If you are sexually active and do not want to become pregnant, be sure to use condoms every time you have sex even if you have PCOS. This is important even if you are not being treated for PCOS.</p> <h3>How Is It Treated?</h3> <p>Although there's no cure for PCOS, there are several ways that the condition can be treated and managed.</p> <p>If a girl is overweight or obese, a doctor will recommend that she lose weight. Weight loss can be very effective in lessening many of the health conditions associated with PCOS, such as high blood pressure and diabetes. Sometimes weight loss alone can restore hormone levels to normal, causing many of the symptoms to disappear or become less severe. Your doctor or a registered dietitian can look at your food intake and your exercise and activity to tailor a weight-loss program for you. Exercise is a great way to help combat the weight gain that often accompanies PCOS as well as a way to reduce bloating, another symptom girls with PCOS sometimes experience.</p> <p>Sometimes doctors prescribe medications to treat PCOS. A doctor might first have a girl try birth control pills or another hormone pill called progesterone to help reduce the androgen levels in her body and regulate her menstrual cycle. These medicines may help control acne and excessive hair growth in some girls, but they don't work for everyone.</p> <p>Other medications used to treat PCOS include <strong>antiandrogens</strong>, which counter the effects of excess androgens on a girl's body. Antiandrogens can help clear up skin and hair growth problems in girls with PCOS. Another medication, metformin, which is used to treat diabetes, can lower insulin levels. In some girls with PCOS, it can help control ovulation and androgen levels. This can make a girl's menstrual cycles more regular. Some girls and women treated with metformin have also experienced weight loss and lowering of high blood pressure.</p> <h3>Coping With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome</h3> <p>Having PCOS can be hard on a girl's self-esteem because some of the symptoms, such as skin and hair problems and weight gain, are so noticeable. Fortunately, there are things you can do to reduce the physical symptoms — and take care of the emotional side of living with PCOS.</p> <p>Although the medications used to treat PCOS will slow down or stop excessive hair growth for many girls, there are lots of different types of products available to help a girl get rid of hair where she doesn't want it. Depilatory creams can gently remove facial hair on the upper lip or chin. Be sure to follow the instructions carefully so you don't develop a rash or allergic reaction.</p> <p>Tweezing and waxing are other things you can do at home to manage hair growth. A girl can also visit a dermatologist (a doctor who specializes in skin problems) or qualified hair removal specialist for electrolysis and laser surgery treatments. These procedures offer longer term removal of unwanted hair, but they are more expensive.</p> <p>If you have severe acne as a symptom of PCOS, it may improve if part of your treatment includes birth control pills or antiandrogens. If it doesn't, your doctor may refer you to a dermatologist for further acne treatment. A dermatologist may also be able to recommend medications to help reduce skin darkening or discoloration, and to prevent hair growth.</p> <p>Some girls with PCOS may become depressed, in which case it may help to talk to a therapist or other mental health professional. Talking with other teens and women with PCOS is a great way to share information about treatment and get support. Your doctor may be able to recommend a local support group.</p> <p>If you can't find a local group, the Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Association offers a "Big Cyster" program for teen girls as well as online message boards. If you join, you'll be hooked up with other women or teen girls with PCOS to whom you can turn for advice, support, or just a listening ear.</p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-923334924825112141.post-66276777132007715902008-03-06T00:13:00.003+05:302008-12-09T05:56:05.645+05:30Hernias<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_j0vC4MrYJ5w/R87qJw8_zrI/AAAAAAAAAC0/BgD9JB65R78/s1600-h/hernias.gif"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_j0vC4MrYJ5w/R87qJw8_zrI/AAAAAAAAAC0/BgD9JB65R78/s320/hernias.gif" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5174330475375742642" border="0" /></a><br /><p>If you're a guy, you probably know the drill by now: The doctor snaps on a latex glove and tells you to turn your head and cough. You probably wonder, "Why do I have to do this?"</p> <p>Your doctor is checking you for a condition called a <strong>hernia</strong>. There are several types of hernias, and they don't just happen to guys — everyone from your baby sister to your grandfather can develop them. But learning to prevent hernias isn't hard to do.</p> <h3>What Are Hernias?</h3> <p>A <strong>hernia</strong> (pronounced: <strong>hur</strong>-nee-uh) is an opening or weakness in the wall of a muscle, tissue, or membrane that normally holds an organ in place. If the opening or weakness is large enough, a portion of the organ may be able to poke through the hole. Imagine an inner tube poking through a hole in an old tire — that's what a hernia is like.</p> <p>Hernias happen more frequently in certain parts of the body, like the abdomen, groin and upper thigh area, and belly button area. They also can happen in any place where you may have had an incision from surgery.</p> <h3>How Do People Get Hernias?</h3> <p>It might take a long time for a hernia to develop or it might develop suddenly. Hernias are caused by a combination of muscle weakness and strain, although the cause of the weakness and the type of strain may vary. Hernias are actually more common in babies and toddlers. And most teens who are diagnosed with a hernia actually have had a weakness of the muscles or other abdominal tissues from birth (called a <strong>congenital defect</strong>). In these cases, straining your muscles doesn't cause the hernia; it only makes the hernia more apparent (and painful!).</p> <p>Here are some types of strain on the body that may induce hernias:</p> <ul><li>obesity or sudden weight gain</li><li>lifting heavy objects</li><li>diarrhea or constipation</li><li>persistent coughing or sneezing</li><li>pregnancy</li></ul> <p>These types of strain on their own probably won't give you a hernia. But when they team up with a weak muscle, a hernia is more likely to result.</p> <p>Many hernias are discovered during routine physical exams. If you're a guy, you may have had a physical exam where your doctor gave you a testicular exam and checked your testicles for a hernia. By placing a finger at the top of your scrotum and asking you to cough, the doctor can feel if you have a hernia.</p> <p>It's good for girls to know about hernias, too, because they can affect you, especially if you've been pregnant or are obese. A doctor can check for any possible hernias in girls by gently pressing on the organs or looking for possible signs during an examination.</p> <h3>Types of Hernias</h3> <h4>Inguinal Hernias</h4> <p>Inguinal (pronounced: <strong>in</strong>-gwuh-nul) hernias are more likely to occur in guys than girls. More than 70% of all hernias that occur are inguinal hernias, which means that a part of the intestines protrudes through an opening in the lower part of the abdomen, near the groin, called the inguinal canal. In guys, the inguinal canal is a passageway between the abdomen and the scrotum through which a cord called the spermatic cord passes (the testicles hang from the spermatic cord). In girls, the inguinal canal is the passageway for a ligament that holds the uterus in place. Nearly all cases of inguinal hernias in teens are due to a congenital defect of the inguinal canal. Instead of closing tightly, the canal leaves a space for the intestines to slide into.</p> <p>If you have an inguinal hernia, you might be able to see a bulge where your thigh and your groin meet. In guys, the protruding piece of intestine may enter the scrotum, which can cause swelling and pain. Other symptoms of an inguinal hernia might include pain when you cough, lift something heavy, or bend over. These types of hernias require surgery to repair; in fact, inguinal hernia operations are the most common type of surgery performed on kids and teens.</p> <h4>Umbilical Hernias</h4> <p>Umbilical hernias are common in newborns and infants younger than 6 months. They occur when part of the intestines bulge through the abdominal wall next to the belly button. In babies with umbilical hernias, parents may see bulging around the belly button area when the baby cries. Unlike other types of hernias, umbilical hernias may heal on their own, usually by the time a baby is 1 year old. If not, surgery can repair the hernia.</p> <h4>Epigastric Hernias</h4> <p>In an epigastric (pronounced: eh-pih-<strong>gas</strong>-trik) hernia, which is also called a ventral hernia, part of the intestines protrude through the abdominal muscles located between the belly button and the chest. It's mostly guys who have to worry about this type of hernia — about 75% of epigastric hernias occur in males. People with this type of hernia may notice a lump. Surgery is a common way to fix this problem.</p> <h4>Incisional Hernias</h4> <p>If you've had surgery in your abdominal area, you might experience this type of hernia. In incisional hernias, part of the intestines bulge through the abdomen around a surgical incision. In this case, surgery actually weakened the muscle tissue in the abdomen. This type of hernia requires another surgery to repair it.</p> <h4>Hiatal Hernias</h4> <p>This type of hernia occurs at the opening of the diaphragm where the esophagus (the pipe that food travels down) joins the stomach. If the muscle around the opening to the diaphragm becomes weak, the uppermost part of a person's stomach can bulge through the diaphragm. Hiatal (pronounced: high-<strong>a</strong>-tul) hernias are common, although small ones don't usually cause any symptoms. Unlike the other types of hernia, you won't be able to see a bulge on the outside of your body, but you might feel heartburn, indigestion, and chest pain. Hiatal hernias can be treated with medication and diet changes, but they do sometimes require surgery.</p> <h3>What Do Doctors Do?</h3> <p>If you notice a bulge or swelling in your groin, abdomen, scrotum, or thigh, you should talk to your doctor. Sometimes a hernia may also cause sharp or dull pain and the pain may worsen when you are standing.</p> <p>With most types of hernias, including inguinal, umbilical, epigastric, and incisional, your doctor will be able to see and feel the bulge and diagnose you with a hernia.</p> <p>Except for umbilical hernias in babies, hernias don't just go away on their own — you must talk to your doctor and receive treatment. Over time, your hernia may become larger and more painful, and in some cases of hiatal hernia, a piece of the intestine could become trapped (this is known as <strong>incarceration</strong>). In a true surgical emergency, the blood supply could be cut off to the incarcerated intestine (this is known as <strong>strangulation</strong>). This situation is painful and dangerous because it can cause infection and may cause the strangulated tissue to die, so it's important to call your doctor.</p> <p>If you've had a hernia operation and you notice redness or discomfort around your incision (the area where the cut was made to perform the operation), be sure to let your doctor know. It could be a sign of infection that will require further treatment.</p> <h3>Can Hernias Be Prevented?</h3> <p>Here are a few tips for keeping hernias from hurting you:</p> <ul class="kh_longline_list"><li><strong>Stay at a healthy weight for your height and body type.</strong> Talk to your doctor or a dietitian about a healthy eating and exercise program if you think you are overweight or obese.</li><li><strong>Make fruits, veggies, and whole grains a "regular" part of your diet.</strong> Not only are these foods good for you, they're also packed with lots of fiber that will prevent constipation and straining.</li><li><strong>Be careful when weight lifting or lifting heavy objects.</strong> Make sure you lift weights safely by never lifting anything that's too heavy. If you have to lift something that's heavy, bend from your knees, not at your waist, or don't lift it at all.</li><li><strong>See your doctor when you're sick.</strong> If you have a persistent cough from a cold or you sneeze a lot because of <span style="text-decoration: underline;">allergies</span>, see your doctor about cough or allergy medicines.</li><li><strong>Quit smoking.</strong> Smoking can cause persistent coughing, and this can strain your abdominal muscles. The risk of getting hernias is just one more reason to kick the habit!</li></ul>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-923334924825112141.post-35302930744765459002008-03-04T12:18:00.002+05:302008-12-09T05:56:05.821+05:30How to Perform a Breast Self-Examination<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_j0vC4MrYJ5w/R8zxtLwMk7I/AAAAAAAAACs/Tq3jCQrHwcw/s1600-h/breast_exam.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_j0vC4MrYJ5w/R8zxtLwMk7I/AAAAAAAAACs/Tq3jCQrHwcw/s320/breast_exam.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5173775830493205426" border="0" /></a><br /><p>Breast development is usually a sign that a girl is entering puberty. Most girls' breasts start to develop before their first periods. During puberty, every girl's breasts go through regular changes. As you grow and develop, you may notice small lumps and other changes in your breasts, and during your period, you may find your breasts are sensitive and tender. Most of these developments are totally normal. Getting into the habit of examining your breasts when you're still in your teens can help you get used to your normal breast changes. When you become familiar with how they feel, it will be easier to recognize anything unusual.</p> <h3>Why Do I Need Breast Exams?</h3> <p>If you go for an annual checkup with a doctor, he or she will likely examine your breasts to evaluate your development and ensure that all changes are normal. Your doctor may recommend that you get into the practice of examining your breasts yourself — called a breast self-examination (BSE) — and can show you how to do this.</p> <p>A BSE can help women detect cysts or other benign (noncancerous) breast problems between checkups. It can also help some women detect breast cancer — a disease that's extremely rare among teens. It's easy to perform a breast self-examination, and it only takes a few minutes. Although it might seem strange or inconvenient at first, BSE is a skill you can use throughout your life to ensure good breast health.</p> <h3>How Do I Examine My Breasts?</h3> <p>It's a good idea to examine your breasts once a month, and it makes sense to choose the same time each month because breasts usually change with the menstrual cycle. The best time to do a BSE is about a week after your period starts.</p> <p><img src="http://teenshealth.org/teen/sexual_health/girls/images_55452/T_BSE01_BreastLook.gif" class="right" alt="" /></p> <p>There are two parts to a BSE:</p> <ul><li>how your breasts look</li><li>how they feel</li></ul> <p>The looking part is easy. Before you put on a bra, stand or sit in front of a mirror with your arms relaxed at your sides. Look at your breasts carefully. Do you see anything unusual, like a change in the way your nipples look? Any dimples or changes in the skin?</p> <p>Then look at yourself from different angles and arm positions. Keep your hands at your sides, raise your arms overhead, place your hands firmly on your hips (to tighten your chest wall muscles), and bend forward. Watch for dimples or changes in the skin. Everyone's breasts look different. Get to know what yours look like.</p> <p>The next part is how your breasts feel. It may seem strange at first to handle your breasts. Some girls feel self-conscious about it, but there's no reason to feel guilty or awkward. BSE is a positive way to stay healthy.</p> <p><img src="http://teenshealth.org/teen/sexual_health/girls/images_55452/T_BSE02_BreastShower.gif" class="left" alt="" /><br /><img src="http://teenshealth.org/teen/sexual_health/girls/images_55452/T_BSE03_FingerPads.gif" class="left" alt="" /></p> <p>Some girls feel it's easiest to do the feeling part of the BSE in the shower — not only is it convenient, but the soap and water can also help your hands move easily over your breasts. Examine your breasts one at a time. If you're starting with your right breast, raise your right arm, place your right hand behind your head, and use your left hand to feel your breast.</p> <p>One way to examine your breast is to think of your breast as a circle. Using the pads of your three middle fingers, move your fingers in a spiral motion from the outside to the inside of the circle, gradually getting closer to the nipple. Notice what feels normal and what may feel different from the last time you examined your breasts.</p> <p>Use different levels of pressure — light, medium, and firm — to feel each part of your breast. This will allow you to feel the various layers of tissue in the breast. Start with light pressure, increase to medium pressure, and finish with firm pressure to feel the deepest tissue. When you have covered the entire breast, use your finger and thumb to gently squeeze your nipple, watching for any discharge. Then put your left arm behind your head and check your left breast the same way.</p> <p><img src="http://teenshealth.org/teen/sexual_health/girls/images_55452/T_BSE04_BreastBed.gif" class="right" alt="" /></p> <p>You can also examine your breasts as you lie on your back on your bed. Use the same method described above, raising one arm and using the other hand to check your breast in a spiral motion. While you're doing the exam, it's a good idea not to take your hand off your breast so you don't miss a spot. You should also check your armpits for any lumps. Girls who have large breasts should also feel their breasts from the side, while lying on one side and then the other.</p> <p>As you feel your breasts, you may notice lumps or bumps. This is usually normal — just like so many things about people, breasts are unique. Some girls' breasts are large, some are small; some are symmetrical, others are not. Some healthy breasts feel really bumpy, whereas others are less so. Most teens have healthy breasts no matter what they look or feel like. But if you're worried about the way your breasts look or feel, let your doctor know.</p> <h3>Warning Signs</h3> <p>If you feel an unusual lump in your breast, don't panic — <strong><em>breast cancer is extremely rare in teens</em></strong>. In fact, among teen girls, the most common type of breast lump is usually related to normal breast growth and development. Other common conditions can cause a breast lump, such as a noncancerous growth known as a <script name="splat" type="text/javascript" src="http://teenshealth.org/misc/javascript/splat/def_javascript/149.js" id="149"></script><script type="text/javascript">document.write(deffibroadenoma149)</script><a class="definition" onmouseover="doTooltip(event,msgfibroadenoma149)" onmouseout="hideTip()">fibroadenoma</a><noscript></noscript>, and small, fluid-filled cysts that tend to vary in size with a girl's menstrual cycle and are called <strong>fibrocystic breast changes</strong>.</p> <p>Fibrocystic breast changes are common. In fact more than half of all women have them. They're related to the normal cycling of hormones associated with menstruation. Fibrocystic breast changes are typically worse just before and at the start of a girl's period.</p> <p>If you feel a lump in your breast, talk to your doctor to see if the cause is one of these common conditions. If you have fibrocystic breast changes or other breast problems that may make it difficult to perform a good BSE, your doctor can help.</p> <p>Infections can also cause breast lumps, as can an injury to the breast.</p> <p>If you have any of these problems, you should talk to your doctor:</p> <ul><li>pain in your breast that seems unrelated to your period</li><li>a new lump, bump, or other change in your breast</li><li>a red, hot, or swollen breast</li><li>fluid or bloody discharge from your nipple</li><li>a lump in your armpit</li></ul> <p>The goal of a BSE is for you to get used to the way your breasts feel. The better you know your body, the healthier you can be!</p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-923334924825112141.post-19243305165772782062008-03-03T11:19:00.002+05:302008-12-09T05:56:05.990+05:30Dietary Supplements: Facts vs. Fads<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_j0vC4MrYJ5w/R8uSACZH7TI/AAAAAAAAACU/9WuJXqFbvR8/s1600-h/dietarysupps.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_j0vC4MrYJ5w/R8uSACZH7TI/AAAAAAAAACU/9WuJXqFbvR8/s320/dietarysupps.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5173389126305049906" border="0" /></a><br /><p>You've seen the ads: "Natural herbs melt pounds away — without diet or exercise!" or "Amazing new discovery boosts athletic performance!" They usually claim that a doctor has discovered a new dietary supplement, a miracle substance that will make you thinner, stronger, smarter, or better at whatever you do. Best of all, you're told, this supplement works without any real effort. All you have to do is send in your money and swallow what they send you.</p> <p>Having trouble believing these ads? You're right to be skeptical. There's little evidence that dietary supplements have the effects that they claim — and there is evidence that some supplements can cause serious damage to a user's health, especially when that user is a teen.</p> <h3>What Are Dietary Supplements?</h3> <p>Dietary supplements are products that include vitamins, minerals, amino acids, herbs, or botanicals (plants) — or any concentration, extract, or combination of these — as part of their ingredients. You can purchase dietary supplements in pill, gel capsule, liquid, or powder forms.</p> <p>How safe are they? In many cases, no one really knows. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which normally checks out the safety of foods and medicines before they come on the market, does not check on the safety of dietary supplements before they're sold. The FDA has to wait until it receives reports of problems caused by supplements before it can investigate and ban a dietary supplement. This is what happened with the herb ephedra (also called ma huang or herbal fen-phen) in 2003 when the FDA pulled the supplement from the U.S. market after it was linked to the death of a well-known baseball player.</p> <p>This means that if you take an untested supplement, you are serving as the manufacturer's unpaid guinea pig and risking your own health.</p> <h3>Can Supplements Make Me a Better Athlete?</h3> <p>Some athletes take dietary supplements believing that they improve performance. However, claims for these improvements are often exaggerated or not based on scientific evidence.</p> <p>And some supplements may be hazardous to teens. Anabolic steroids (manmade hormones similar to the male hormone testosterone) are unsafe and illegal. That's because the large quantities of these steroids that are found in the supplements can have devastating side effects on the body, including heart damage, kidney damage, and bone problems. Studies also show that steroids may be addictive, and that even small doses can interfere with growth in teens.</p> <p>Because sports supplements like <strong>creatine</strong> are unregulated, there is no standard dose. So users have no way of knowing what levels, if any, are safe, especially for teens who are still growing. The same goes for <strong>androstenedione</strong>, the supplement that gained attention because professional baseball player Mark McGwire used it. Research suggests that this hormone supplement may lead to health problems such as acne, gynecomastia (breast enlargement in guys), and heart problems.</p> <p>Some people think that taking amino acid powders is helpful for increasing their muscle mass, but these powders don't actually have any special muscle-building effects. Amino acids are the building blocks of protein. Although it's scientifically true that they're necessary to build muscle (along with enough exercise), the human body can easily get all the amino acids it needs from the protein in food. So, if you work out properly and eat a balanced diet with enough protein, taking amino acid supplements won't actually do anything for you — except maybe empty your wallet.</p> <p>Energy bars are also often used as a dietary supplement. These high-calorie, fortified treats should be used with caution, though. They may serve a purpose for athletes who burn lots of calories in high-intensity activities, like competitive cycling. But for most people they can add unwanted calories to the diet, and they're not particularly filling as a meal replacement.</p> <h3>Can Supplements Help Me Lose Weight?</h3> <p>If you'd like to lose a few pounds, you might be tempted to try some of the many herbal weight-loss products available today. But none of these herbal remedies work. And some (like ephedra, the banned weight-loss supplement mentioned above) can have serious side effects.</p> <p>Herbs like chickweed, ginseng, kelp, and bee pollen, often included in diet aids, do nothing to promote weight loss — and some can be harmful or deadly in large doses. The only safe and effective way to take off excess pounds remains healthy eating and exercise. If you are concerned about your weight, talk to a doctor or dietitian. He or she can help you get to a healthy weight.</p> <h3>What About Vitamin and Mineral Supplements?</h3> <p>The best way to get your daily dose of vitamins and minerals is from food. Although there's usually nothing wrong with a teen taking a basic multivitamin, if you're eating well, you probably don't need one. If you do choose to take a multivitamin, stick with a basic supplement and avoid brands that contain higher doses than 100% of the RDA for any vitamin or mineral. Some vitamins can build up in the human system and cause problems when taken in excess amounts.</p> <p>Talk to your doctor about additional vitamin and mineral supplements. If you can't eat dairy products for example, you might need a calcium supplement. Vegetarians might want to take vitamin B12 (a vitamin that is found mainly in food that comes from animals and may be missing in a vegetarian diet). Teens whose doctors have put them on weight-loss diets of less than 1,200 calories a day or teens with food allergies should also discuss vitamin and mineral needs with their doctors.</p> <h3>Supplement Warning Signals</h3> <p>Check with your doctor before you take any dietary supplement, including vitamins and minerals. If your doctor starts you on a supplement, watch for warning signals that could indicate problems: stomach discomfort, pain, headache, rashes, or even vague symptoms like tiredness, dizziness, or lethargy.</p> <p>Because it's not always clear what goes into some supplements, people with food allergies should be particularly wary. Some supplements contain ingredients from shellfish and other potential allergens, and you just don't know how you'll react to them.</p> <p>When it comes to supplements, be a skeptical consumer. We'd all love to think there's a quick fix. But if it looks too easy, it probably is.</p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-923334924825112141.post-27036568602477401422008-02-27T15:08:00.002+05:302008-12-09T05:56:06.219+05:305 Ways to Deal With Anxiety<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_AZ-YAFZQOUc/R8UwE4vsYJI/AAAAAAAAAGY/jolD3rH4CCM/s1600-h/anxiety+disorder.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_AZ-YAFZQOUc/R8UwE4vsYJI/AAAAAAAAAGY/jolD3rH4CCM/s320/anxiety+disorder.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5171592607614918802" border="0" /></a><br /><p>Everyone has feelings of anxiety, nervousness, tension, and stress from time to time. Here are 5 ways to help manage them.</p> <p><strong>Note:</strong> When anxiety or worry feels extreme, it may be a sign of an anxiety disorder. For someone who has an anxiety disorder, getting proper care from a heath professional is important. The tips below can help too, of course. But professional treatment is the only way to shake an anxiety disorder.</p> <ol class="kh_longline_list"><li><strong>Become a relaxation expert.</strong> We all <em>think</em> we know how to relax. But chilling out in front of the TV or computer isn't true relaxation. (Depending on what you're watching or doing, it could even make you more tense.) The same is true for alcohol, drugs, or tobacco. They may seem to relieve anxiety or stress, but it's a false state of relaxation that's only temporary. What the body really needs is a relaxation technique — like deep breathing, tai chi, or yoga — that has a physical effect on the mind. For example, deep breathing helps to relax a major nerve that runs from the diaphragm to the brain, sending a message to the entire body to let go and loosen up.<br /></li><li><strong>Get enough sleep, nourishment, and exercise.</strong> Want your mind and body to feel peaceful and strong enough to handle life's ups and downs? Get the right amount of sleep for your needs — not too much or too little. Eat well: Choose fruit, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains for long-term energy (instead of the short bursts that come from too much sugar or caffeine). And exercise to send oxygen to every cell in the body so your brain and body can operate at their best.</li><li><strong>Connect with others.</strong> Spend time with friends or family. Organized activities are great, but just hanging out works too. Doing things with those we feel close to deepens our bonds, allowing us to feel supported and secure. And the fun and sharing that go with it allow us to feel happier and less upset about things. If you feel worried or nervous about something, talking about it with someone who listens and cares can help you feel more understood and better able to cope. You'll be reminded that everyone has these feelings sometimes. You're not alone.</li><li><strong>Connect with nature.</strong> Heading out for a walk in the park or a hike in the woods can help anyone feel peaceful and grounded. (Choose somewhere you feel safe so you can relax and enjoy your surroundings.) Walking, hiking, trail biking, or snowshoeing offer the additional benefit of exercise. Invite a friend or two — or a family member — along and enjoy feeling connected to people as well.</li><li><strong>Think positive.</strong> A great way to keep our minds off the worry track is to focus our thoughts on things that are good, beautiful, and positive. Allow yourself to dream, wish, and imagine the best that could happen.</li></ol>Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-923334924825112141.post-65729539475585468842008-02-27T14:19:00.001+05:302008-12-09T05:56:06.438+05:30Taking Care of Your Body > Why Do I Sweat So Much?<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_AZ-YAFZQOUc/R8UlOIvsYII/AAAAAAAAAGQ/q0WWLMC1Egs/s1600-h/why_do_i_sweat.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_AZ-YAFZQOUc/R8UlOIvsYII/AAAAAAAAAGQ/q0WWLMC1Egs/s320/why_do_i_sweat.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5171580671900803202" border="0" /></a><br /><p>You have to get up in front of the class to make a presentation. As you walk to the front of the room, you feel your shirt sticking to your back and your armpits. You're sweating up a storm.</p> <p>Although it may seem like some strange disorder, it's actually perfectly normal to sweat. Sweating plays an important role in the body because it helps maintain body temperature by cooling us down. When we're hot and we sweat, that moisture evaporates and cools us off a bit. We don't just sweat when we are hot. It's also normal for people to sweat when they're nervous because emotions can affect the sweat glands.</p> <p>Sweating is one part of puberty. When our bodies starts to change, our roughly 3 million sweat glands become more active. This is especially true for glands in the armpits and groin and on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. When the sweat comes in contact with bacteria on the skin, it can produce an odor, which may be stronger in some people than others.</p> <p>So how to handle sweat? Take a bath or shower daily. If you're worried about smell, use a deodorant or a deodorant with antiperspirant (a deodorant masks odor, whereas a deodorant combined with antiperspirant prevents sweat).</p> <p>It can also help to wear clothes made of natural fibers, such as cotton or linen, especially in the summer heat. Pads called underarm shields or dress shields can also help absorb sweat and prevent embarrassing underarm stains. These pads attach to the armpit area inside a person's clothes where they absorb sweat. You can buy them in the lingerie departments of many department stores and at some specialized sports stores. Some teens also keep an extra shirt in their lockers so they can change at school.</p> <p>If you still worry about your sweating, talk to a doctor. Occasionally sweating too much might be a sign of a medical problem. Stronger antiperspirants are now available with a doctor's prescription — your doctor may think a prescription-strength antiperspirant might help you.</p>Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-923334924825112141.post-47518334072406346402008-02-27T11:04:00.001+05:302008-12-09T05:56:06.798+05:30Testicular Injuries<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_AZ-YAFZQOUc/R8T204vsYHI/AAAAAAAAAGI/mKsvGI7xAXk/s1600-h/testicular_injuries.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_AZ-YAFZQOUc/R8T204vsYHI/AAAAAAAAAGI/mKsvGI7xAXk/s320/testicular_injuries.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5171529660574228594" border="0" /></a><br /><p>It hurts to even think about it. A baseball takes an unexpected bounce when you're crouched and waiting to field a grounder, an opponent misses a kick on the soccer field and his foot has only one place to go, or you're speeding along on your bike and you hit a big bump. All result in one really painful thing — a shot to the testicles, one of the most tender areas on a guy's body. Testicular injuries are relatively uncommon, but guys should be aware that they can happen. So how can you avoid injury?</p> <h3>Why Do Testicular Injuries Happen and What Can You Do?</h3> <p>If you're a guy who plays sports, likes to lift weights and exercise a lot, or leads an all-around active life, you've probably come to find out that the testicles are kind of vulnerable and can be injured in a variety of ways. Because they hang in a sac outside the body (the <strong>scrotum</strong>), the testicles are not protected by bones and muscles like other parts of your reproductive system and most of your other organs. Also, the location of the testicles makes them prime targets to be accidentally struck on the playing field or injured during strenuous exercise and activity.</p> <p>The good news is that because the testicles are loosely attached to the body and are made of a spongy material, they're able to absorb most collisions without permanent damage. Testicles, although sensitive, can bounce back pretty quickly and minor injuries rarely have long-term effects. Also, sexual function or sperm production will most likely not be affected if you have a testicular injury.</p> <p>You'll definitely feel pain if your testicles are struck or kicked, and you might also feel nauseous for a short time. If it's a minor testicular injury, the pain should gradually subside in less than an hour and any other symptoms should go away. In the meantime, you can do a few things to help yourself feel better such as take pain relievers, lie down, gently support the testicles with supportive underwear, and apply ice packs to the area. At any rate, it's a good idea to avoid strenuous activity for a while and take it easy for a few days.</p> <p>However, if the pain doesn't subside or you experience extreme pain that lasts longer than an hour; if you have swelling or bruising of the scrotum or a puncture of the scrotum or testicle; if you continue to have nausea and vomiting; or if you develop a fever, get to a doctor <strong>immediately</strong>. These are symptoms of a much more serious injury that needs to be addressed as soon as possible.</p> <h3>Serious Testicular Injuries</h3> <p>Examples of serious testicular injury are <strong>testicular torsion</strong> and <strong>testicular rupture</strong>. In the case of <strong>testicular torsion</strong>, the testicle twists around, cutting off its blood supply. This can happen due to a serious trauma to the testicles, strenuous activity, or even for no apparent reason.</p> <p>Testicular torsion isn't common, but when it does happen, it most often occurs in guys ages 12 to 18. If it occurs, it is <strong>crucial</strong> to see a doctor as soon as possible — within 6 hours of the time the pain starts. Unfortunately, after 6 hours, there is a much greater possibility that complications could result, including reduced sperm production or the loss of the testicle. The problem may be fixed by a doctor manually untwisting the testicle. If that doesn't work, surgery will be necessary.</p> <p><strong>Testicular rupture</strong> can also happen, but it is a rare type of testicular trauma. This can happen when the testicle receives a forceful direct blow or when the testicle is crushed against the <strong>pubic bone</strong> (the bone that forms the front of the pelvis), causing blood to leak into the scrotum. Testicular rupture, like testicular torsion and other serious injuries to the testicles, causes extreme pain, swelling in the scrotum, nausea, and vomiting. To fix the problem, surgery is necessary to repair the ruptured testicle.</p> <h3>Seeing a Doctor</h3> <p>If you have to see a doctor, he or she will first need to know how long you have been experiencing pain and how severe your discomfort is. To rule out a hernia or other problem as the cause of the pain, the doctor will examine your abdomen and groin. In addition, the doctor will look at your scrotum for swelling, color, and damage to the skin and examine the testicle itself. Because infections of the reproductive system or urinary tract can sometimes cause similar pain, your doctor may do a urine test to rule out a urinary tract infection or infection of the reproductive organs.</p> <h3>Preventing Testicular Injuries</h3> <p>It's a good idea to take precautions to avoid testicular injuries, especially if you play sports, exercise a lot, or just live an all-around active life. Here are some tips to keep your testicles safe and sound:</p> <ul class="kh_longline_list"><li><strong>Protect your testicles.</strong> Always wear an athletic cup or athletic supporter when playing sports or participating in strenuous activity. Athletic cups are usually made of hard plastic, are worn over the groin area, and provide a good degree of shielding and safety for the testicles. Cups are best used when participating in sports where your testicles might get hit or kicked, like football, hockey, soccer, or karate. An athletic supporter, or jock strap, is basically a cloth pouch that you wear to keep your testicles close to your body. Athletic supporters are best used when participating in strenuous exercise, cycling, or doing any heavy lifting.</li><li><strong>Check your fit.</strong> Make sure the athletic cup and/or athletic supporter is the right size. Safety equipment that's too small or too big won't protect you as effectively.</li><li><strong>Keep your doctor informed.</strong> If you play sports, you probably have regular physical exams by a doctor. If you experience testicular pain even occasionally, talk to your doctor about it.</li><li><strong>Be aware of the risks of your sport or activity</strong><strong>.</strong> If you play a sport or participate in an activity with a high risk of injury, talk to your coach or doctor about any additional protective gear you should use.</li></ul> <p>Participating in sports and living an active life are great ways to stay fit and relieve stress. But it's important to make sure your testicles are protected. When you're exercising or playing sports, make sure that using protective gear is part of your routine and you'll be able to play hard without fear of testicular injury!</p>Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-923334924825112141.post-48163570320724040242008-02-26T23:49:00.002+05:302008-12-09T05:56:07.004+05:30Hepatitis B (HBV)<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_AZ-YAFZQOUc/R8RYsIvsYGI/AAAAAAAAAGA/UcMG74rfhto/s1600-h/std_hepatitis.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_AZ-YAFZQOUc/R8RYsIvsYGI/AAAAAAAAAGA/UcMG74rfhto/s320/std_hepatitis.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5171355787413184610" border="0" /></a><br /><h3>What Is It?</h3> <p>Hepatitis (pronounced: hep-uh-<strong>tie</strong>-tiss) is a disease of the liver. It is usually caused by a virus, although it can also be caused by long-term overuse of alcohol or other toxins (poisons).</p> <p>Although there are several different types of hepatitis, hepatitis B is a type that can move from one person to another through blood and other bodily fluids. It can be transmitted through sexual intercourse and through needles — such as those shared by intravenous drug or steroid users who have the virus, or tattoo needles that haven't been properly sterilized. A pregnant woman can also pass hepatitis B to her unborn baby. You cannot catch hepatitis B from an object, such as a toilet seat.</p> <h3>What Are the Symptoms?</h3> <p>Someone with hepatitis B may have symptoms similar to those caused by other viral infections, such as the flu — for example, tiredness, nausea, loss of appetite, mild fever, and vomiting — as well as abdominal pain or pain underneath the right ribcage where the liver is.</p> <p>Hepatitis B can also cause jaundice, which is a yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes, and may cause the urine to appear brownish.</p> <h3>How Long Until Symptoms Appear?</h3> <p>Someone who has been exposed to hepatitis B may have symptoms 1 to 4 months later. Some people with hepatitis B don't notice symptoms until they become quite severe. Some have few or no symptoms, but even someone who doesn't notice any symptoms can still transmit the disease to others. Some people carry the virus in their bodies and are contagious for the rest of their lives.</p> <h3>What Can Happen?</h3> <p>Hepatitis B can be very dangerous to a person's health, leading to liver damage and an increased risk of liver cancer. Of babies born to women who have the hepatitis B virus, 90% will have the virus unless they receive a special immune injection and the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine at birth.</p> <h3>How Is It Prevented?</h3> <p>Because hepatitis B can easily be transmitted through blood and most body fluids, it can be prevented by:</p> <ul class="kh_longline_list"><li>abstaining from sex (not having oral, vaginal, or anal sex)</li><li>always using latex condoms for all types of sexual intercourse</li><li>avoiding contact with an infected person's blood</li><li>not using intravenous drugs or sharing any drug paraphernalia</li><li>not sharing things like toothbrushes or razors</li></ul> <p>Tattoo parlors sometimes reuse needles without properly sterilizing them, so be sure to research and choose tattoo and piercing providers carefully.</p> <p>To help prevent the spread of hepatitis B, health care professionals wear gloves at all times when in contact with blood or body fluids, and are usually required to be immunized against the hepatitis B virus.</p> <p>There is an immunization (vaccine) against hepatitis B. The immunization is given as a series of three shots over a 6-month period. Newborn babies in the United States now routinely receive this immunization series. Teens who see their health care provider for yearly exams are also likely to be given the hepatitis B immunization if they haven't had it before. Immunization programs have been responsible for a significant drop in the number of cases of hepatitis B among teens over the past 10 years.</p> <p>Sometimes, if someone has been recently exposed to the hepatitis B virus, a doctor may recommend a shot of immune globulin containing antibodies against the virus to try to prevent the person from coming down with the disease. For this reason, it's especially important to see a doctor quickly after any possible exposure to the virus.</p> <h3>How Is It Treated?</h3> <p>If you think you may have hepatitis B or if you have been intimate with someone who may have hepatitis B, you need to see your doctor or gynecologist. He or she will do blood tests, and if a diagnosis of hepatitis B is made, you may also be treated with medicines to help fight it. Sometimes, people need to be hospitalized for a little while if they are too sick to eat or drink. Most people with hepatitis B feel better within 6 months.</p>Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-923334924825112141.post-78558574453090135542008-02-26T16:50:00.001+05:302008-02-26T16:52:14.633+05:30Dealing with DepressionDepression is a common problem in HIV and AIDS. HIV infection is a very taxing illness, affecting both physical and emotional health. If you notice or are told you show signs of depression, consult your physician immediately. Here are a few tips to be aware of.<ul><li>Know yourself and how to recognize depression. </li><li>If you or anyone you know exhibit signs such as an inability to get out of bed, crying, mood changes, a preoccupation with death, or find yourself thinking suicide, contact your physician immediately. </li><li>Consult your doctor for referral to a mental health professional or to inquire about prescription medications available to treat depression.</li></ul><p> <i><b>If you have thoughts about suicide, have tried to hurt yourself, or have a plan on how to hurt yourself, notify your doctor or go to the nearest emergency room immediately.</b></i></p>Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-923334924825112141.post-88915056664534866332008-02-26T16:49:00.000+05:302008-02-26T16:50:13.254+05:30Ways for Teens Can Say No to SexBeing a teen is not always easy. Teens are often faced with very important and difficult decisions. One such decision is whether or not to have sex. Safer sex, teens and HIV, and abstinence are all things that weigh heavily on the mind of a teenager. While many teens want to say "no" to sex, peer pressure, a desire to look "cool" or a lack of assertiveness prevents them from doing so. For those wanting to say "no" but are having problems doing so, there are ways for teens to say "no" to sex.<p> </p><ul><li>Say no and keep saying no as many times as it takes to get the point across.</li><li>Before the occasion arises, practice what you would say if someone pressured you to have sex.</li><li>Get out of a troublesome situation by walking away and staying away.</li><li>Use body language that helps make your point. Stand tall, speak clearly and confidently, and look the person straight in the eye when saying no.</li><li>Beware of "pressure lines" and respond accordingly. For instance if someone says <ul><b><i>"Everybody's doing it."</i></b></ul><p>Your response could something to the effect of</p><ul><b><i>"I'm not everybody. I don't have to do it because anyone else is."</i></b></ul></li></ul>Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-923334924825112141.post-831203743023664592008-02-25T20:54:00.003+05:302008-12-09T05:56:07.195+05:30Having a Healthy Pregnancy<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_AZ-YAFZQOUc/R8LfDYvsYFI/AAAAAAAAAF4/RAjbCgxgflU/s1600-h/healthy_pregnancy.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_AZ-YAFZQOUc/R8LfDYvsYFI/AAAAAAAAAF4/RAjbCgxgflU/s320/healthy_pregnancy.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5170940571449843794" border="0" /></a>If you've decided to have a baby, the most important thing you can do is to take good care of yourself so that you and your baby will be healthy. Girls who get the proper care and make the right choices have a very good chance of having healthy babies. <h3>Prenatal Care</h3> <p>See a doctor as soon as possible after you find out you're pregnant to begin getting prenatal care (medical care during pregnancy). The sooner you start to get medical care, the better your chances that you and your baby will be healthy.</p> <p>If you can't afford to go to a doctor or clinic for prenatal care, social service organizations can help you. Ask your parent, school counselor, or another trusted adult to help you locate resources in your community.</p> <p>During your first visit, the doctor will ask you lots of questions, including the date of your last period. This helps the doctor estimate how long you have been pregnant and your due date.</p> <p>Doctors measure pregnancies in weeks. A baby's due date is only an estimate, though: Most babies are born between 38 and 42 weeks after the first day of a woman's last menstrual period, or 36 to 40 weeks after conception (when the sperm fertilizes the egg). Only a small percentage of women actually deliver exactly on their due dates.</p> <p>A pregnancy is divided into three phases, or <strong>trimesters</strong>. The first trimester is from conception to the end of week 13. The second trimester is from week 14 to the end of week 26. The third trimester is from week 27 to the end of the pregnancy.</p> <p>The doctor will examine you and perform a pelvic exam. He or she may also perform blood tests, a urine test, and tests for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs, including a test for HIV, which is on the rise in teens. (Some STDs can cause serious medical problems in newborns, so it's important to get treatment to protect the baby.)</p> <p>The doctor will explain the types of physical and emotional changes you can expect during pregnancy. He or she will also teach you to how to recognize the signs of possible problems during pregnancy (called complications). This is especially important because teens are more at risk for certain complications, such as anemia, high blood pressure, and delivering a baby earlier than usual (called premature delivery).</p> <p>Your doctor will want you to start taking prenatal vitamins that contain folic acid, calcium, and iron as soon as possible. The doctor may prescribe the vitamins or recommend a brand that you can buy over the counter. These vitamins and minerals help ensure the baby's and mother's health as well as prevent some types of birth defects.</p> <p>Ideally, you should see your doctor once each month for the first 28 weeks of your pregnancy, then every 2 weeks until 36 weeks, then once a week until you deliver the baby. If you have a medical condition such as diabetes that needs careful monitoring during your pregnancy, your doctor will probably want to see you more often.</p> <p>During visits, your doctor will check your weight, blood pressure, and urine, and will measure your abdomen to keep track of the baby's growth. Once the baby's heartbeat can be heard with a special device, the doctor will listen for it at each visit. Your doctor will probably also send you for some other tests during the pregnancy, such as an ultrasound, to make sure that everything is OK with your baby.</p> <p>One part of prenatal care is attending classes where expectant mothers can learn about having a healthy pregnancy and delivery and the basics of caring for a new baby. These classes may be offered at hospitals, medical centers, schools, and colleges in your area.</p> <p>It can be difficult for adults to talk to their doctors about their bodies and even more difficult for teens to do so. Your doctor is there to help you stay healthy during pregnancy and have a healthy baby — and there's probably not much he or she hasn't heard from expectant mothers! So don't be afraid to ask questions.</p> <p>Be upfront when your doctor asks questions, even if they seem embarrassing. A lot of the issues the doctor brings up could affect your baby's health. Think of your doctor both as a resource and a friend who you can confide in about what's happening to you.</p> <h3>Changes to Expect in Your Body</h3> <p>Pregnancy causes lots of physical changes in the body. Here are some common ones:</p> <h4>Breast Growth</h4> <p>An increase in breast size is one of the first signs of pregnancy, and the breasts may continue to grow throughout the pregnancy. You may go up several bra sizes during the course of your pregnancy.</p> <h4>Skin Changes</h4> <p>Don't be surprised if people tell you your skin is "glowing" when you are pregnant — pregnancy causes an increase in blood volume, which can make your cheeks a little pinker than usual. And hormonal changes increase oil gland secretion, which can give your skin a shinier appearance. Acne is also common during pregnancy for the same reason.</p> <p>Other skin changes caused by pregnancy hormones may include brownish or yellowish patches on the face called <strong>chloasma</strong> and a dark line on the midline of the lower abdomen, known as the <strong>linea nigra</strong>.</p> <p>Also, moles or freckles that you had prior to pregnancy may become bigger and darker. Even the <strong>areola</strong>, the area around the nipples, becomes darker. Stretch marks are thin pink or purplish lines that can appear on your abdomen, breasts, or thighs.</p> <p>Except for the darkening of the areola, which can last, these skin changes will usually disappear after you give birth.</p> <h4>Mood Swings</h4> <p>It's very common to have mood swings during pregnancy. Some girls may also experience depression during pregnancy or after delivery. If you have symptoms of depression such as sadness, changes in sleep patterns, thoughts of hurting yourself, or bad feelings about yourself or your life, tell your doctor so he or she can help you to get treatment.</p> <h4>Pregnancy Discomforts</h4> <p>Pregnancy can cause some uncomfortable side effects. These include:</p> <ul><li>nausea and vomiting (especially early in the pregnancy)</li><li>leg swelling</li><li>varicose veins in the legs and the area around the vaginal opening</li><li>hemorrhoids</li><li>heartburn and constipation</li><li>backache</li><li>fatigue</li><li>sleep loss</li></ul> <p>If you have one or more of these side effects, keep in mind that you're not alone! Ask your doctor for advice on how to deal with these common problems.</p> <p>If you are pregnant and have bleeding or pain, call the doctor immediately, even if you are not planning to continue the pregnancy.</p> <h3>Things to Avoid</h3> <p>Smoking, drinking alcohol, and taking drugs when you are pregnant put you and your baby at risk for a number of serious problems.</p> <h4>Alcohol</h4> <p>Doctors now believe that it's not safe to drink any amount of alcohol when you are pregnant. Drinking can harm a developing fetus, putting a baby at risk for birth defects and mental problems.</p> <h4>Smoking</h4> <p>The risks of smoking during pregnancy include stillbirths (when a baby dies while inside the mother), low birth weight (which increases a baby's risk for health problems), prematurity (when babies are born earlier than 37 weeks), and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). SIDS is the sudden, unexplained death of an infant who is younger than 1 year old.</p> <h4>Drugs</h4> <p>Using illegal drugs such as cocaine or marijuana during pregnancy can cause miscarriage, prematurity, and other medical problems. Babies can also be born addicted to certain drugs.</p> <p>Ask your doctor for help if you are having trouble quitting smoking, drinking, or drugs. Check with your doctor before taking any medication while you are pregnant, including over-the-counter medications, herbal remedies and supplements, and vitamins.</p> <h4>Unsafe Sex</h4> <p>Talk to your doctor about sex during pregnancy. If your doctor says it's OK to have sex while you're pregnant, you must use a condom to help prevent getting an STD. Some STDs can cause blindness, pneumonia, or meningitis in newborns, so it's important to protect yourself and your baby.</p> <h3>Taking Care of Yourself During Pregnancy</h3> <h4>Eating</h4> <p>Many girls worry about how their bodies look and are afraid to gain weight during pregnancy. But now that you are eating for two, this is not a good time to cut calories or go on a diet. Both you and your baby need certain nutrients so the baby can grow properly. Eating a variety of healthy foods, drinking plenty of water, and cutting back on high-fat junk foods will help you and your developing baby to be healthy.</p> <p>Doctors generally recommend adding about 300 calories a day to your diet to provide adequate nourishment for the developing fetus. You should gain about 25 to 35 pounds during pregnancy, most of this during the last 6 months — although how much a girl should gain depends on how much she weighed before the pregnancy. Your doctor will advise you based on your individual situation.</p> <p>Eating additional fiber — 25 to 30 grams a day — and drinking plenty of water can help to prevent common problems such as constipation. Good sources of fiber are fresh fruits and vegetables and breads, cereals, or muffins that have lots of whole grain in them.</p> <p>You'll need to avoid eating or drinking certain things during pregnancy, such as:</p> <ul><li>certain types of fish, such as swordfish, canned tuna, and other fish that may be high in mercury (your doctor can help you decide which fish you can eat)</li><li>foods that contain raw eggs, such as mousse or Caesar salad</li><li>raw or undercooked meat and fish</li><li>processed meats, such as hot dogs and deli meats</li><li>soft, unpasteurized cheeses, such as feta, brie, blue, and goat cheese</li><li>unpasteurized milk, juice, or cider</li></ul> <p>It's also a good idea to limit artificial sweeteners, and drinks that contain caffeine and artificial sweeteners.</p> <h4>Exercise</h4> <p>Exercising during pregnancy is good for you as long as you are having an uncomplicated pregnancy and choose appropriate activities. Doctors generally recommend low-impact activities such as walking, swimming, and yoga. Contact sports and high-impact aerobic activities that pose a greater risk of injury should generally be avoided. Also, working at a job that involves heavy lifting is not recommended for women during pregnancy. Talk to your doctor if you have questions about whether particular types of exercise are safe for you and your baby.</p> <h4>Sleep</h4> <p>It's important to get plenty of rest while you are pregnant. Early in your pregnancy, try to get into the habit of sleeping on your side. Lying on your side with your knees bent is likely to be the most comfortable position as your pregnancy progresses. Also, it makes your heart's job easier because it keeps the baby's weight from applying pressure to the large vein that carries blood back to the heart from your feet and legs.</p> <p>Some doctors recommend that girls who are pregnant sleep on the left side. Because of where some of your major blood vessels are, lying on your left side helps keep the uterus from pressing on them. Ask what your doctor recommends — in most cases, lying on either side should do the trick and help take some pressure off your back.</p> <p>Throughout your pregnancy, but especially toward the end, you may wake up often at night to go to the bathroom. While it's important to drink enough water while you're pregnant, try to drink most of it during the day rather than at night. Use the bathroom right before going to bed. As you get further along in your pregnancy, you might have a difficult time getting comfortable in bed. Try positioning pillows around and under your belly, back, or legs to get more comfortable.</p> <p>Stress can also interfere with sleep. Maybe you're worried about your baby's health, about delivery, or about what your new role as a parent will be like. All of these feelings are normal, but they may keep you up at night. Talk to your doctor if you are having problems sleeping during your pregnancy.</p> <h3>Emotional Health</h3> <p>It's common for pregnant teens to feel a range of emotions, such as fear, anger, guilt, confusion, and sadness. It may take a while to adjust to the fact that you're going to have a baby. It's a huge change, and it's natural for pregnant teens to wonder whether they're ready to handle the responsibilities that come with being a parent.</p> <p>How a girl feels often depends on how much support she has from the baby's father, from her family (and the baby's father's family), and from friends. Each girl's situation is different. Depending on your situation, you may need to seek more support from people outside your family. It's important to talk to the people who can support and guide you and help you share and sort through your feelings. Your school counselor or nurse can refer you to resources in your community that can help.</p> <p>Sometimes girls who are pregnant have miscarriages and lose the pregnancy. This can be very upsetting and difficult to go through for some girls, although it may bring feelings of relief for others. It is important to talk about these feelings and to get support from friends and family — or if that's not possible, from people such as counselors or teachers.</p> <h3>School and the Future</h3> <p>Some girls plan to raise their babies themselves. Sometimes grandparents or other family members help. Some girls decide to give their babies up for adoption. It takes a great deal of courage and concern for the baby to make these difficult decisions.</p> <p>Girls who complete high school are more likely to have good jobs and enjoy more success in their lives. If possible, finish high school now rather than trying to return later. Ask your school counselor or an adult you trust for information about programs and classes in your community for pregnant teens.</p> <p>Some communities have support groups especially for teen parents. Some high schools have child-care centers on campus. Perhaps a family member or friend can care for your baby while you're in school.</p> <p>You can learn more about what to expect in becoming a parent by reading books, attending classes, or checking out reputable websites on child raising. Your baby's doctor, your parents, family members, or other adults can all help guide you while you are pregnant and after the baby is born.</p>Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-923334924825112141.post-7493317040313014432008-02-25T03:26:00.001+05:302008-02-25T03:28:55.258+05:305 Easy Ways to Increase Your ManpowerA testosterone shortage could cost you your life. As if losing muscle mass, bone density, and your sex drive to low T levels wasn't bad enough, new research shows the decline can also increase your risk of prostate cancer, heart disease, and even death. Follow these steps to lift your levels and lengthen your life.<br /> <p><strong>1. Uncover Your Abs</strong></p> <p>As your waist size goes up, your testosterone goes down. In fact, a 4-point increase in your body mass index -- about 30 extra pounds on a 5'10" guy -- can accelerate your age-related T decline by 10 years. For a diet that'll help keep your gut in check, try the new TNT Diet.</p> <p><strong>2. Build Your Biceps</strong> </p> <p>Finnish researchers recently found that men who lifted weights regularly experienced a 49 percent boost in their free testosterone levels. "As you strengthen your muscles, the amount of testosterone your body produces increases," says David Zava, Ph.D., CEO of ZRT Laboratory. You need to push iron only twice a week to see the benefit. For a 6-week muscle plan, take the MH Challenge.</p> <p><strong>3. Fill Up On Fat</strong> </p> <p>Trimming lard from your diet can help you stay lean, but eliminating all fat can cause your T levels to plummet. A study published in the <em>International Journal of Sports Medicine</em> reveals that men who consumed the most fat also had the highest T levels. To protect your heart and preserve your T, eat foods high in monounsaturated fats -- food such as fish and nuts.</p> <p><strong>4. Push Away From The Bar</strong></p> <p>Happy hour can wreak havoc on your manly hormones. In a recent Dutch study, men who drank moderate amounts of alcohol daily for 3 weeks experienced a 7 percent decrease in their testosterone levels. Limit your drinking to one or two glasses of beer or wine a night to avoid a drop in T.</p> <p><strong>5. Stop Stress</strong></p> <p>Mental or physical stress can quickly depress your T levels. Stress causes cortisol to surge, which "suppresses the body's ability to make testosterone and utilize it within tissues," says Zava. Cardio can be a great tension tamer, unless you overdo it. Injuries and fatigue are signs that your workout is more likely to lower T than raise it.</p>Anonymousnoreply@blogger.com