Getting Along With Your Teachers

Your algebra teacher wears clothes from 1985 and always mispronounces your name. Your English teacher loves to start classes with pop quizzes. It can be hard to think of these givers of grades as real people. But they eat pizza, watch movies, and enjoy sports on the weekends, just like you. So how can you get along with your teachers?

Why Work on Good Relationships With Teachers?

A good relationship with a teacher today may help you in the future. You will need teachers' written recommendations to apply to a college or for a job after high school. And if you are thinking about going into a career in science, who better to ask about the field than your science teacher?

Teachers are often plugged into the community and may be the first to find out about local competitions, activities, or contests. They also may know about grants and scholarships. Sonia's Spanish teacher found out about a contest for exchange program scholarships in Brazil and Spain. Her teacher encouraged and guided her, and Sonia's months and months of work earned her a scholarship as an exchange student.

Teachers are often asked to appoint students to student offices, or they may recommend students as volunteers for special community programs. All of these activities can help you get into college or get a good job.

Teachers who care are another group of adults in your life who can look out for you, guide you, and provide you with an adult perspective. Many are willing to answer questions, offer advice, and help with personal problems.

How to Develop Good Teacher-Student Relationships

We all have our favorite teachers - those who seem truly interested and treat us as intelligent beings. But what about teachers we don't know as well (or even don't like much)?

You can do lots of things to get a good connection going with your teacher. First, do the obvious stuff: show up for class on time, with all assignments completed. Be alert, be respectful, and ask questions.

Show an interest in the subject. Obviously, your teachers are really interested in their subjects or they wouldn't have decided to teach them! Showing the teacher that you care - even if you're not a math whiz or fluent in French - sends the message that you are a dedicated student.

You can also schedule a private conference during a teacher's free period. Use this time to get extra help, ask questions, inquire about a career in the subject, or talk about your progress in class. You may be surprised to learn that your teacher is a bit more relaxed one-on-one than when lecturing in front of the whole class.

It is possible to try too hard, though. Here are some things to avoid when trying to establish a relationship with your teacher:

• Not being sincere. Teachers sense when your only motivation is to get special treatment, a college reference, or a job recommendation.
• Trying to be teacher's pet. Your behavior will come off as phony and your classmates may start to resent you.
• Giving extravagant gifts. It's OK to offer a small token of appreciation to teachers if they've been helpful to you. But flashy, expensive items could send the wrong message, and a teacher is usually not allowed to accept anything expensive.

Common Teacher-Student Problems

If you're having problems with a teacher, try to figure out why. Do you dislike the subject? Or do you like the subject but just can't warm up to the teacher?

If you don't like the subject being taught, it can affect your relationship with the teacher. Some students say it helps them to think of classes that seem like chores as stepping stones toward a bigger goal, like getting a diploma or going on to college. That allows them to keep the class in perspective. Other students say they try to find the practical value in classes they don't like. You may hate math, but learning how to calculate averages and percentages can help you in everything from sports to leaving a tip.

If you find a subject hard, talk to your teacher or a parent about extra tutoring. If you find it boring, talk to your teacher (or another favorite teacher, friend, or parent) about ways to see the subject in a different light. Ian constantly fell asleep in his sophomore history class because the past seemed so removed from reality. But things changed when he mentioned his struggle over a project to his homeroom teacher. The teacher talked to Ian and found out that his great-grandfather had fought in World War II. He suggested Ian use his great-grandfather's letters in his project. Not only did Ian get an A, he also learned a lot about a family member he barely remembered from childhood.

What if you just don't like the teacher? When it comes to working with teachers, personality can come into play just as it can in any relationship. People naturally just get along better with some people than with others - it's impossible to like everyone all the time. Learning to work with people you don't connect with easily is a good skill to have in life, no matter what your goals are.

If you feel at odds with your teacher, pick your battles carefully. Questioning a grade or asking to retake a test once is fine. But second-guessing a teacher's judgment on your grades all the time may annoy him or her. Constantly squabbling over a few points on every assignment can cause friction in your relationship.

Common courtesy and respect are basic requirements of any relationship. Just as teachers need to be fair and treat everyone equally, students have responsibilities too. You don't have to like your teacher or agree with what he or she says, but it is necessary to be polite. If you need to be out of school for medical or other reasons, let your teacher know. And it's your responsibility to make up the work from missed classes. Don't expect your teacher to hunt you down or take class time to fill you in.

Too much disciplinary action can show up on a student's permanent record. This means that when someone asks for your high school record, they can see the things you did - even if they happened years ago.

Just like personal problems can sometimes slow you down, the same is true for your teachers. Job stress, family issues, or health problems are all factors that can affect a teacher's performance, leaving him or her cranky, irritable, or unable to concentrate.

What to Do if You Don't Get Along

Before you try to get out of a class to escape a teacher you don't like, here are a few things you can try to make a difficult relationship work:

• Meet with the teacher and try to communicate what you're feeling. Tell him or her what's on your mind, using statements such as, "It embarrasses me in class when I feel like my intelligence is being put down" or "I can't learn in class when I feel like only a few people ever get called on to participate." See if you can work it out between the two of you.
• Ask yourself, "What can I learn from this teacher?" Even if you don't worship his or her personality or lectures, dig deep until you find a subject in which he or she is very knowledgeable. Focus on that part of the teacher's personality, and use him or her as a tool for learning. Not only will you gain more knowledge in that subject, but a closer relationship with your teacher may help you understand one another better.
• Talk to students who are doing well in the class and ask them for tips, tools, and a plan of action to get along with the teacher better. Sometimes having a second set of notes can be helpful, so asking a classmate who is willing to share them with you is a great idea. If you're too shy to talk to another student, study his or her actions and behavior in the classroom and try to follow that lead.
• If you still can't get along, make an appointment with the school guidance counselor. He or she will offer many tips and suggestions for getting more out of difficult teacher relationships. Sometimes a guidance counselor can act as a mediator between you and the teacher.
• If your relationship problems can't be solved in school, then it's time to tell your parents or guardians. Let them meet with your teacher and try to work it out.

Chances are that you won't encounter physical or verbal abuse (like racist or sexist comments) in the classroom. But if a teacher has done or said anything that makes you uncomfortable, immediately report his or her actions to your parents, your guidance counselor, another teacher, the school principal, or an administrator.

Teachers are there for more than just homework, and they know about more than just their subject matter. They can help you learn how to function as an adult and a lifelong learner. Undoubtedly, there will be a few teachers along the way who you will always remember - and who might change your life forever.

What Stresses You Out About School?

A new school year is exciting. There's that wonderful feeling of having a fresh start, catching up with old friends, and making progress by moving up a grade. But there's no denying that it can be stressful too. It's natural to feel a mix of emotions - such as excitement and nervousness - about what's ahead.

Kimberly, 14, says, "I'm happy about going back to school - I'm bored stiff here! But I'm worried about reputation, teasing, failing, and being a nerd."

If you find yourself preparing for school by hoping for the best and imagining the worst, you're not alone. That's how most of our readers feel as school starts up again.

What's Worrying You

We asked our readers (ages 14-17) to tell us what worries them most about going back to school. More than 600 people replied. A third of all those who took our survey said they worry most about schoolwork. No surprise there. Getting ready for a new year of schoolwork can definitely be challenging because you'll be learning more advanced things. So worrying about whether you'll do well enough in school is pretty common. If this is your biggest worry, at least it's nice to know you're not alone.

But not everyone said schoolwork was the thing that worried them most. Just as many readers said they worry most about social issues like fitting in, having friends, being judged, or being teased. And since social life is such a big part of school, it's not a shock that so many students say social issues are their biggest worry.

Besides schoolwork and social stuff, another category ranked high on the worry list: appearance. One-fourth of the people who responded to our survey said appearance issues worried them most of all. If this is you, you've got plenty of company, too.

What You Do About It

We also asked you to tell us how you plan to cope with the things that worry you most, and whether you have advice for others who feel the same way. Here are some of the things you said:

Schoolwork Worries

Rachel, 15, told us, "I'm kinda hard on myself, like I feel really bad if I don't have a 4.0 grade average." Lots of people are hard on themselves, but worrying can just add to the pressure.

Casey, 15, wrote, "Stressing too much about it doesn't get you anywhere. It's good to be concerned about your work, but you have to act on that."

Here are some of the plans you have for coping with schoolwork:

Zach, 18, says, "Better time management. I need to stop talking with the social butterflies and get to work!"

Michael, 16, plans to "come home, take a quick break, and then get started on my work straight away. Procrastination only brings frustration!"

Katie, 17, offers this advice: "To avoid trouble, do homework as soon as possible and at least start projects the day you get them."

Finding the Right Balance - and Support

Fallon, 16, says, "Finding time for everything is going to be a challenge!"

Daniel, 14, agrees, and adds, "I play sports so I have to keep my grades up to play." How does he keep the balance? "Work really hard and lean on my parents for lots of support. If you have parents around that actually take an interest in you, take advantage of that and let them be there for you."

Relying on other people for support and advice is popular when it comes to schoolwork and balancing all the pressures school can bring.

Claire, 15, plans to depend on her brother, "who is 18 and has been through it."

Mandy, 14, relies on her mother for advice.

Dana, 14, advises, "Use the guidance counselor. That's why they are there."

Chelsea, 16, who is trying to catch up in school, says her teachers have been a big help: "Since I asked for help I've felt more relaxed and more normal so that now it doesn't bother me as much as it did."

Nisha, 15, says, "I'm just going to pick a few things to commit to so I don't overload myself."

Balancing school with life's other demands also includes staying healthy. Lots of you told us that your goal this year is to eat well, get plenty of exercise, and lots of sleep so that you'll be primed to succeed.

Social Pressures and Problems

When it comes to the social scene, making new friends is one of the biggest worries people mentioned. Lots of you said that you were worried friends would be in different classes or even at different schools.

Some talked about feeling shy and awkward:

Jenna, 16, shared how "I can be shy sometimes and don't like talking around people."

Jessie, 15, says, "I'm going to try to make new friends and talk more. Don't worry about being awkward because others are too. Lots of people are good at being cool, but they are insecure too."

Finding a safe, welcoming group is a great foundation for dealing with the ups and downs of school. "It's important to have your own little or big group that you can hang out with," says Jessie.

Lolo, 14, explained how "My best friend left last year, and I'm worried about who I'll hang out with." Her strategy is: "Don't hang out with anyone who has a good social image but who is mean. Try to find someone who will really be your friend."

Many of you are concerned about drifting apart from friends and breaking away from existing friendships to start new ones.

Jen, 16, told us, "I have not talked to my best friends all summer. I don't want to be their friend anymore, but they don't get that."

Leanna, 14, says, "I am stressed about the groups and who I am going to sit with because I have different friends in different groups."

Tim, 14, worries about "making new friends without ex-friends spreading rumors."

Brittany, 15, who worries about dealing with "rude old friends" offers this advice: "Be nice to everyone, you never know who you may need help from in the future."

And Amina, 14, says, "There are these really jealous girls and they are always stressing me out." She's found that just being nice to them can make a lot of difference: "They will be amazed at how you treat them and maybe loosen up some."

Using kindness to stop meanness in its tracks is one good way to deal. Jessica, 16, has another strategy for coping with rude people: "I just ignore them. It drives them crazy when you don't act or seem like you care about anything they have to say."

Some of you worry that the things you did in the past will influence how people see you now. Tina, 15, told us, "My best friend and I were in a car accident last year when we decided to go to a party instead of school. So I am worried that my peers and teachers will think that I am irresponsible because of that incident."

Amanda, 14, says her way of dealing with rumors and gossip is "to hold my head up high, smile, and try to create a new reputation for myself. Change the negatives into positives!"

Natasha, 17, said she's still dealing with the fallout of turning down a date with a popular guy 3 years ago when she was 14. Here's how she plans to deal: "Move on and enjoy the people in my life who have stuck by me. I think if you are going through a situation like me, don't worry about people who don't like you for dumb reasons. Focus on yourself and trust yourself."

Looking Good

How we feel about the way we look is closely tied to social issues, feeling comfortable, and being accepted.

Says Codi, 14, "I am not usually a shy person, but starting high school in a new school is scary. I don't know anyone other than those on my soccer team. I am afraid that once they see me out of my soccer clothes and in my skater cut-up clothes they won't want to talk to me."

"At my old school, I was the most popular girl," says Emily, 14. Now, she says, she's worried because, "I'm starting to get acne and developing." Gaining weight and dealing with body changes were big issues for many of you.

It's natural to worry about appearance, but lots of you said that you're going to try to keep things in perspective.

Casey, 14, explains, "A year from now, will what you worried about really be a big deal? Other stuff is going to happen."

Lots of you recommend getting the support of a friend, parent, or counselor when you're feeling down about your appearance.

Keisha, 15, advises: "Don't worry about it so much. And when your family and friends say you look great, accept the compliment, because it's true!"

Mickie, 14, told us she has no worries about starting school, but she does have this advice for looking good on the first day: "Wear clothes that fit your style. Don't wear something that makes you look like a poser."

And Lia, 14, reminds us, "If you're worried about your clothes and how you look, just remember that it's what's on the inside that matters."

We couldn't agree more.

Roommates

Starting college can be a tumultuous experience. You have to deal with new responsibilities and growing independence, a challenging course load — and, of course, the social scene. When a roommate is thrown into the mix, it may feel like you're juggling all that stuff while living in a 6' x 6' box with a virtual stranger.

But having a roommate doesn't need to be one more thing to worry about. When students go into their living situations with realistic expectations and a willingness to compromise, things can work out just fine.
Great Expectations

For many people heading off to college, movies and books are their only reference for the whole roommate experience. So they might think a roommate will be either (a) a complete freak who makes living at the library seem attractive, or (b) a BFF who will be by their side every step of the way as they traverse the world of parties, finals, and crowded laundry rooms.

The truth is, roommates tend to fall somewhere in the middle of those two extremes.

So try to keep your roommie expectations realistic. And do your research: If your school gives you information about who your roommate (or roommates) will be, try to talk to or meet each other before move-in day. This gives you a chance to paint a picture of what living together will be like.

Talk about the practical stuff — like who's bringing what so you don't show up on move-in day with two microwaves and two refrigerators. And try to get a feel for what your roommie's goals and lifestyle are — ask what he or she did in high school and talk about what you both expect from college.
Talk Early, Talk Well

When you first meet your roommate, chances are you'll be on your best behavior. You want to get along, since this is the person who's going to be sharing your living space for the next year. But try to think ahead to potential worst-case scenarios, too.

For example, imagine it's 2 AM and you're working on a paper that's due in 8 hours. Your roommate comes in from a party and wants to continue the party in your room. At times like these, you won't be feeling particularly benevolent. That's why talking about issues that might come up ahead of time — and respecting each other's wishes when the time comes — is so important.

Talk about the things that are really important to you, and make sure your roommate understands. Then encourage him or her to do the same. For instance, does it drive you nuts when people take things without asking first? Does perfume trigger your asthma? Let your roommate know these types of things from the start.

Here are some things to talk to your roommate about so that each of has a feel for the other's likes, dislikes, and habits. Think about additional questions to ask that are important to you (a sibling or friend who knows you well may be able to help out if you're looking for ideas):

* Are you a morning or night person?
* Can you sleep if music is playing or the lights are on?
* Are you a neat freak or is the floor your laundry basket?
* How do you feel about sharing food, clothes, or school supplies?
* How do you feel about overnight guests of the same sex? Of the opposite sex? How long can they stay?

The key is to be honest, and to realize that you'll both have to compromise on some things. Let's say you usually don't go to sleep until 2 AM, but your roommate is counting sheep by 11 PM. Respect that — have a lights-out at midnight rule, and use a focused-beam desk light and headphones if you really have to study or listen to tunes.

When you have these conversations about your expectations, write down what you both decide so that it's clear later on if you need something to refer to.
The Day-to-Day

In the beginning, the urge for many roommates is to stay close. They eat their meals together, attend activity fairs together, and go to the campus parties together. Neither roommate knows that many other people, and so they stick together.

But as the semester continues, things may change. After a while, you may feel comfortable enough with each other to show the true you and drop the best-behavior façade you maintained to make yourselves get along. You might start hanging out with fellow classmates, or join a sorority or fraternity. It is perfectly normal for you and your roommate to drift apart as you both learn to stand on your own two feet.

Whatever ups and downs your relationship goes through, maintaining respect for each other is vital. Respect is especially important if your relationship with your roommate doesn't have that many ups. Stick to your roommate agreement. Respect your roommate's space and needs, and chances are your roommate will respect yours.

But even the most respectful roommates have spats. Anytime you guys can't resolve things on your own, don't hesitate to get your resident advisor involved. RAs aren't there to just bust people for breaking the rules — they'll help out with the small stuff, too.
Big Problems in a Little Room

Sometimes there are problems above and beyond your roommate eating your last pack of noodles. If your roomie starts getting into trouble and brings it back to the dorm, it can affect you negatively.

Here are issues that some college students deal with, and tips on how to get through them.

Your roommate breaks dorm rules. If a roommate does drugs or drinks alcohol in the room, you're at risk of getting in trouble, too. You don't have to make your roommate stop — you often can't. But you can encourage him or her not to do it in your room. If your roommate blows you off, it's a good idea to go to your RA.

Your roommate has unhealthy habits. Living in such proximity often means getting to know more about each other than you might want. Some people bring bad habits to school; others develop them once they're there. Students who can't handle the extra pressures of college may start smoking, develop eating disorders, injure themselves, abuse drugs, binge drink, or become depressed.

Although no one is their roommate's keeper, you do your roomies a favor by getting help if you notice signs that they're hurting themselves. You don't have to be the one to get a roommie to stop or to take him or her to the student health center. But you can tell your RA, who'll take it from there.

You and your roommate are too different. Many colleges are pretty diverse places. Your roommate may be very different in terms of religion, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, race, sexual orientation, values, or countless other things. Most people are uneasy at first when faced with new situations and people. It's completely normal to be uncomfortable with your roommate's differences — he or she probably feels the same way.

Before you freak out, though, give yourself some time to get used to things. The key is to respect each other's differences, keep an open mind, and try not to let any preconceptions prevent you from seeing your roommate for who he or she is — just another college student, trying to navigate through the world.

It's also a great opportunity to get to know someone who is different. After you graduate, when you are on the job, you can't control who you work with. If you allow yourself to learn about and be open to new types of people in college, you'll find it can prepare you for the real world.

You simply can't live together anymore. Sometimes, people are just incompatible. Depending on your school, it may be possible to change roommates. Often, you have to meet with an RA and/or a dean before you can move. And then you'll have to relive move-in day all over again in the midst of your classes, activities, and the bustle of daily life.

Think about changing roommates as a last resort, and be prepared for it to not work out. There are very few instances where it's easy to get a new roommate; short of your roommate coming at you with scissors, you will probably be encouraged to just talk things through.

Life with a roomie can be both a blessing and a curse. You'll have moments when you're glad to have someone to procrastinate with. On other days, you might wish you could lock your roommate in the closet with his or her semester's worth of ripe laundry.

The secret to having more blessings than curses is compromise, maturity, and respect. Even when you're going through tough times with a roommate, look at it as a learning experience that will help you deal with challenging coworkers, bosses, and other people later in life.

Studying Abroad

Have you always dreamed of traveling to cool places, meeting lots of different people, and maybe picking up a language or two? No matter what country you live in, you can fly over the world's highest waterfalls in Venezuela, learn world trade in Japan, study art in France, or take dancing lessons in Ghana.

How? Join a study abroad program, where high school and college students live with a host family in a foreign country. Semester, summer, and year-long programs allow you to attend school, take intensive language courses, or perform community service in another country. Read on to learn more about study abroad programs.

Why Study Abroad?

Besides the excitement of travel, one reason to study abroad is that you will experience new customs, holidays, foods, art, music, and politics firsthand.

"Obviously, I learned the language and am now fluent, but perhaps more important was how much I learned about cultures, people, and myself. I learned this from the viewpoint of an active member of the community and my [host] family, not from the tourist's point of view," says Andrew, who studied in Poitiers, France.

Another reason for studying abroad is that you'll gain self-confidence. Christina studied in Caracas, Venezuela, a city of 10 million people and a huge change from her hometown of 35,000! Christina says she learned how to better stand up for herself and her beliefs and to express herself in another language. What could make you more confident than that?

Living away from home can also help you adjust in the transition to college and adulthood. Matthew says he returned from studying in Australia with confidence, social savvy, and a genuine interest in international affairs that really set him apart from his peers. "After having gone abroad in high school, I found the transition to college to be a breeze — moving 560 miles from home didn't seem particularly daunting after having lived thousands of miles away."

And speaking of college, improving your language skills might help you get into choice colleges and even land future jobs. Colleges and employers know that studying abroad provides leadership skills in a world that is increasingly globally interconnected.

Most of all, it's fun! You're not likely to suffer from sophomore slump or general boredom while you're studying in a different learning environment.

Are You a Good Candidate?

Although many programs have academic requirements, you usually don't have to have the highest grades or marks to be eligible. And most programs do not have language requirements.

Who you are is as important as your academic record. Study abroad programs look for students who are independent, self-assured, enjoy new experiences and different types of people, and can handle challenges. When you study in a foreign country, you'll be faced with new circumstances, environments, and predicaments.

Ask yourself:

• Am I willing to try new things — everything from foods to social situations?
• Am I comfortable making my own decisions, such as what time to leave for school, which courses to take, and how to deal with conflict and change, without family or friends around to help?
• Do I like to take risks?
• How have I handled complex and new situations in the past?
• Will I be able to fulfill my academic requirements for my school at home and for any future plans? Make sure you won't miss a test or other requirement.
• Will my school at home accept credits from the programs I am considering?

If you really hate change and don't like the idea of figuring things out all on your own, then studying abroad may not be for you. It's important to really think about your comfort zone and to be honest with yourself — you could end up miserable far away from home if you aren't! Of course, if you want to change those things about yourself and don't mind tackling them head-on, then studying abroad may be an ideal way to take the plunge.

Don't let a little anxiety stop you from considering the possibility of a summer, semester, or year abroad, though. Matthew says he will never forget sitting in the airport about to board a plane bound for Melbourne. "I felt overwhelmed, terrified, and thrilled at the same time," he says. "In the end, though, the rewards of living overseas far outweigh the initial uncertainties."

Applying to a Program

Specific application procedures vary from program to program. In most cases, program personnel design applications and interviews to find out if you're a good fit for the program and a host family, if you'll be staying with one. You might need to answer questions on past obstacles you've encountered and what you've learned from these experiences or write an introductory letter to your potential host family.

You will need to provide personal and school references, health information, and practices (for example, if you have allergies or are a vegetarian). Your parents also may need to tell the program personnel how they feel about your studying abroad. You'll also have to go through interviews with schools or sponsoring organizations.

Pitching the Idea to Your Parents

Are you convinced that a year abroad is for you, but you're worried that your parents will never go for it? Use some of the points of view that sold you on the idea to help them understand why you want to study overseas. Point out that studying abroad is a chance of a lifetime and that it offers great academic opportunities — including learning a second language.

You might also sell them on the idea that students in study abroad programs gain experiences by being in a new culture, broaden their horizons, and increase their maturity and self-confidence levels. Study abroad students have an educational edge when entering college or starting careers — where language skills, cross-cultural experiences, and global outlooks are becoming essential.

If your parents are worried that you'll miss a year of school, won't get credit later, or will be stuck in a foreign country without help or supervision, look into the details of what arrangements the program has regarding these situations. Many study abroad programs are well established — the American Field Service (AFS) student exchange program has been been around for more than 50 years.

Study abroad students are well supervised. Programs usually have offices in host countries, many with 24-hour hotlines. Host families are chosen carefully to meet specific students' needs.

Finding a Program

Hundreds of programs are available through organizations like AFS, Youth for Understanding (YFU), American Institute for Foreign Study (AIFS), and the Rotary Club. These organizations and lots more are online — so try a Web search. You can call or write for catalogs.

Other sources of information are school counselors, religious organizations, teachers, librarians, family, and friends. Ask them for recommendations.

But check out programs early — applications can be due 4 to 9 months in advance. Age requirements vary, although students are usually in the 15- to 22-year age range. Program costs can vary, too. But don't let cost scare you away. Many programs have substantial scholarships available, but make sure you apply early. Some programs help students raise money from schools and local organizations.

Staying Healthy Abroad

Depending on where you are going there are a number of suggested immunizations. You and your doctor or a travel medicine specialist should decide which vaccinations are appropriate for you. Make sure to get this information early (several weeks or even months before traveling, if possible) to give yourself enough time to get the vaccines you need.

Travel health insurance is also available in case you become ill or get hurt while you are away. Most plans include a 24-hour hotline for assistance with doctors, dentists, and other health concerns.

Drink bottled water and avoid raw foods. You may want to pack products like antiseptic ointment, over-the-counter pain medication, contact lens solution, and adhesive bandages. Don't forget prescription drugs or items like inhalers if you have asthma. And it's a good idea to see your dentist before departure.

In addition to preparing physically, don't neglect your emotional health. Consider journal writing to help process your experience. And prepare for culture shock when you return — you've grown and so have friends and family. You'll also miss your host family and friends.

Prepare yourself for these feelings by getting support from family, friends, a counselor, or another student who has spent time abroad.

Returning the Favor

If you've studied abroad and want to be a host yourself, or if you've decided you don't want to travel but would like the chance to learn about another culture, your family may be a candidate to host a student. Families fill out applications and interview with organization representatives, reviewing profiles (or videos) of students who might be a good fit.

Whether you host a student or study abroad yourself, you're sure to see the world in a new way.

Understanding Dyslexia

Sarah hates reading aloud in class. She's never been a good reader, and even when she recognizes the words on the page, she seems to have trouble saying them correctly. School's never been her favorite place anyway because her teachers always complain about her writing and her spelling. She often gets discouraged, thinking that she's not as smart as other students.

Fortunately, Sarah has discovered she has talents that others don't. She's great at dreaming up costume and scenery ideas in drama club, and she's one of the best artists in her school. Sometimes she wonders how she can do so well in some areas of her life and so poorly in others.

What Sarah, her parents, and her teachers don't realize is that Sarah has dyslexia.

What Is Dyslexia?

Dyslexia (pronounced: dis-lek-see-ah) is a type of learning disability. A person with a learning disability has trouble processing words or numbers. There are several kinds of learning disabilities; dyslexia is the term used when people have difficulty learning to read, even though they are smart enough and are motivated to learn. The word dyslexia comes from two Greek words: dys, which means abnormal or impaired, and lexis, which refers to language or words.

Dyslexia is not a disease. It's a condition that you are born with, and it often runs in families. People with dyslexia are not stupid or lazy. Most have average or above-average intelligence, and they work very hard to overcome their learning problems.

What Causes Dyslexia?

Research has shown that dyslexia happens because of the way the brain processes information. Pictures of the brain, taken with modern imaging tools, have shown that when people with dyslexia read, they use different parts of the brain than people without dyslexia. These pictures also show that the brains of people with dyslexia don't work efficiently during reading. So that's why reading seems like such slow, hard work.

Most people think that dyslexia causes people to reverse letters and numbers and see words backwards. But reversals occur as a normal part of development, and are not seen only in people with dyslexia. The main problem in dyslexia is trouble recognizing phonemes (pronounced: fo-neems), which are the basic sounds of speech (the "b" sound in "bat" is a phoneme, for example). Therefore, it's a struggle to make the connection between the sound and the letter symbol for that sound, and to blend sounds into words.

This makes it hard to recognize short, familiar words or to sound out longer words. It takes a lot of time for a person with dyslexia to sound out a word. The meaning of the word is often lost, and reading comprehension is poor. It is not surprising that people with dyslexia have trouble spelling. They may also have trouble expressing themselves in writing and even speaking. Dyslexia is a language processing disorder, so it can affect all forms of language, either spoken or written.

Some people have milder forms of dyslexia, so they may have less trouble in these other areas of spoken and written language. Some people work around their dyslexia, but it takes a lot of effort and extra work. Dyslexia isn't something that goes away on its own or that a person outgrows. Fortunately, with proper help, most people with dyslexia learn to read. They often find different ways to learn and use those strategies all their lives.

What's It Like to Have Dyslexia?

If you have dyslexia, you might have trouble reading even simple words you've seen many times. You probably will read slowly and feel that you have to work extra-hard when reading. You might mix up the letters in a word, for example, reading the word "now" as "won" or "left" as "felt." Words may blend together and spaces are lost. Phrases might appear like this:

You might have trouble remembering what you've read. You may remember more easily when the same information is read to you or heard on tape. Word problems in math may be especially hard, even if you've mastered the basics of arithmetic. If you're doing a presentation in front of the class, you might have trouble finding the right words or names for various objects. Spelling and writing usually are very hard for people with dyslexia.

How Is Dyslexia Diagnosed?

People with dyslexia frequently find ways to work around their disability, so no one will know they're having trouble. This may save some embarrassment, but getting help could make school and reading easier. Most people are diagnosed as children, but it's not unusual for people to be diagnosed as teens or even adults.

A teen's parents or teachers might suspect dyslexia if they notice these problems:

• poor reading skills, despite having normal intelligence
• poor spelling and writing skills
• difficulty finishing assignments and tests within time limits
• difficulty remembering the right names for things
• difficulty memorizing written lists and phone numbers
• difficulty with directions (telling right from left or up from down) or reading maps

If someone has one of these problems it doesn't mean he or she has dyslexia, but someone who shows several of these signs should be tested for the condition.

A physical exam should be done to rule out any medical problems, including hearing and vision tests. Then a school psychologist or learning specialist should give several standardized tests to measure language, reading, spelling, and writing abilities. Sometimes a test of thinking ability (IQ test) is given. Some people with dyslexia have trouble in other school skills, like handwriting and math, or they may have trouble paying attention or remembering things. If this is the case, more testing will be done.

Dealing With Dyslexia

Although dealing with dyslexia can be tough, help is available. Under federal law, someone diagnosed with a learning disability like dyslexia is entitled to extra help from the public school system. A child or teen with dyslexia usually needs to work with a specially trained teacher, tutor, or reading specialist to learn how to read and spell better. The best type of help teaches awareness of speech sounds in words and letter-sound correspondences (called phonics). The teacher or tutor should use special learning and practice activities for dyslexia.

A student with dyslexia may get more time to complete assignments or tests, permission to tape class lectures, or copies of lecture notes. Using a computer with spelling checkers can be helpful for written assignments. For older students in challenging classes, services are available that provide any book on tape, even textbooks. Computer software is also available that "reads" printed material aloud. Ask your parent, teacher, or learning disability services coordinator how to get these services if you need them.

Treatment with eye exercises or glasses with tinted lenses will not help a person with dyslexia. It's not an eye problem, it's a language processing problem, so teaching language processing skills is the most important part of treatment.

Emotional support for people with dyslexia is very important. They often get frustrated because no matter how hard they try, they can't seem to keep up with other students. They often feel that they are stupid or worthless, and may cover up their difficulties by acting up in class or by becoming the class clown. They may try to get other students to do their work for them. They may pretend that they don't care about their grades or that they think school is dumb.

Family and friends can help people with dyslexia by understanding that they aren't stupid or lazy, and that they are trying as hard as they can. It's important to recognize and appreciate each person's strengths, whether they're in sports, drama, art, creative problem solving, or something else.

People with dyslexia shouldn't feel limited in their academic or career choices. Most colleges make special accommodations for students with dyslexia, offering them trained tutors, learning aids, computer software, reading assignments on tape, and special arrangements for exams. People with dyslexia can become doctors, politicians, corporate executives, actors, artists, teachers, or whatever else they choose.

Life After High School

"So, what are you doing after graduation?" Many juniors and seniors get bored answering that question over and over. Whether your plans include college, heading straight for the workforce, or taking a year off, here are some practical tips to prepare yourself for the journey.

Going to College

Some people know from an early age exactly what they want to be and how they plan to get there. Rachel's dad is a doctor and his love for his chosen career inspired her to follow in his footsteps. Rachel, who is about to start medical school, said she chose her undergraduate program with the idea of medical school in mind.

Not all of us are so sure of our plans, though, and that's OK too. Many people start off in a liberal arts program in college and then decide on a major after a year or two. (School counselors say that 75% of students change their majors after they enter college.) School is also not just about careers and getting a high-paying job after graduation — it's a place for learning about yourself and the world.

Selecting a School

If college is in your future, you need to plan. Which schools appeal to you? How are you going to pay for your education?

How do you decide on a school when there are thousands to pick from? Start by asking yourself questions about your preferences:

• What are my strengths?
• Am I interested in liberal arts or science or business?
• What kind of learning environment is best for me?
• Would I be more comfortable in a small school or would I feel confined?
• Do I want to stay close to home or live far away?
• Would I prefer to be in a city environment or a small college town?
• Should I go to a school where athletics are big or where fraternities or sororities rule?
• Do I like being with people who are mostly like me or do I want to meet a diverse group?

Ask friends and older siblings who are in college about their schools and about other schools they're familiar with. Talk to your school counselor or one of your teachers and go to college fairs when they visit your town.

Once you've narrowed down your choices, ask the schools to send you literature. Visit their websites. When you've whittled your list down to a manageable number, make arrangements to visit. Try to do this when school is in session so you can get a good idea of what life is really like on campus.

And remember: You're not the only one making a decision. Schools are picking from a large pool of applicants. They want to know how well-rounded you are and what makes you stand out from everyone else. They will look at your grade point average, standardized test scores, class rank, personal essay, and your extracurricular activities — so it's important to dedicate time and effort to all these things.

Admissions Options

Most schools offer a range of admissions options. Investigate which of these your favorite schools offer:

• Regular admissions means that schools mail their decisions in April.
• Rolling admissions means that a school processes applications as they come in; you can apply at any time, but it's best to be early because spots fill up.
• The early-decision option is for students who are really sure about the school they want to attend, and who want to know earlier than April if they have been admitted. There's a drawback to applying under an early-decision option, though: You are promising that school that you'll attend if you're admitted.
• Some schools offer an early-action option, which means that students can be admitted early but don't have to attend.

Money, Money, Money

Don't cross a school off your list just because the tuition is steep. Ask your school counselor about possible community scholarships. Ask the school's financial-aid office about scholarships, grants, work-study programs, and loans. See if your parents' employers offer scholarships. And check out organizations within your community. An amazing number of college funding sources are out there for students with specific career goals in mind. Your high school guidance counselor should be a good resource for finding these.

To apply for federal aid in the United States, you have to fill out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) form, although some schools use their own forms. Check with your school counselor to be sure you've covered all the bases when it comes to financial aid.

Getting a Job

Maybe you've decided that college isn't for you — right now, anyway. If you want to join the workforce, opportunities are out there for people who don't have degrees. One path that some grads take is joining the military or a service corps. Some retail or hospitality industry organizations offer training programs to high school grads. Check out the possibilities in computing, bookkeeping and payroll, or sales.

Talk to your school counselor or a favorite teacher about the job market in your area. Make sure your parents' friends know you're looking. Scour the classified ads in the newspaper and do some Internet research. Most large companies list their job openings on their websites.

Don't overlook trade opportunities. Matt studied industrial engineering in college. Halfway through the first year, he decided school just wasn't working out, although he stayed for the full year. So he transferred into an apprenticeship program to become an electrician. "Sometimes you feel that society says you have to go to college, especially if you're a good student, and I went through that battle in my head," says Matt. "But I knew I had to figure out what was right for me. And now that I have, I don't regret my choice at all."

Taking Time Off

For some people, the prospect of starting college, especially going away to school, is scary. It's probably the first time that you'll be totally responsible for your own schedule. What if you intend to go to college but just don't feel ready to start yet — for whatever reason — and you don't want to take on a full-time job after graduation? You might want to take a year off to pause and regroup. This practice is common in some countries, like the United Kingdom, where it's called a "gap year."

Taking time off doesn't mean you should ignore the idea of applying to college. In fact, you may want to consider making your college plans before you become involved in other things, especially if you'll be traveling. Apply to schools and make your choice, then ask for a deferred admission. Rachel took a year off and worked in New York City between college and medical school. She says that she had to be extremely well organized about planning for med school so she didn't miss any of her deadlines. "Not only did I have to apply to schools and make plans to take my MCAT exams, I also had to make all my living arrangements and other plans for my year off!"

Even if you decide not to apply to college, it can be a great idea to take a year to do something you may not have an opportunity to do again. Lots of volunteer organizations would welcome your time and energy and would provide you with a wonderful learning experience.

If you take a year off you'll learn some great life skills — like living on a tight budget! Plan how you'll pay your way while you're traveling or doing volunteer work. Can you live at home or with friends? Get a part-time job?

Talking to Your Parents

What if your post-graduation plans differ from what your parents have in mind? Talk openly with your parents about your plans — both for the short term (like what you want to do next year) and the long term (what you think you'd like to do in life). If your parents want you to go to college but you don't feel you're ready or that college is right for you, explain why.

"My parents were a little concerned that I wouldn't follow through on my plans for medical school if I took a year off," says Rachel. "But I explained how I was worried I'd burn out if I spent all that time in school — I just felt I needed a break to do something different. I think that when they saw all the planning I put into my medical school applications, they were reassured!"

Getting Advice

Even if your parents are cool, they probably don't know everything. For school and career guidance, visit your school counselor and talk with adult friends (for example, godparents or friends of the family). Make an effort to talk to people in the fields that interest you. If you think you want to be an accountant, call some accountants and ask them about their work. Most people are flattered to get calls like this, and they'll usually take the time to talk to a student.

Whatever you choose to do now does not have to be what you do forever. You can always go back to school or change a career path — lots of people do.